An oligomer represented by the formula

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 2 to 18 carbons, inclusive, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, Y is hydrogen or an initiator residue, Z is a single bond or methylene, and n is an integer from 9 to 40, inclusive. Acrylate oligomer emulsions including the disclosed oligomer and fluorine-free treating compositions including the acrylate oligomer emulsion. Methods of making and using such compositions are also disclosed.

A functional cashmere fiber includes a cashmere fiber, a boron-doped TiO.sub.2 layer and a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder. The CMC binder binds the boron-doped TiO.sub.2 layer on the cashmere fiber such that the boron-doped TiO.sub.2 layer at least partially covers the cashmere fiber. The functional cashmere fiber provides self-cleaning function under visible light and high washing stability.

A surface treatment agent which is an aqueous emulsion containing: (a) a fluorine-free polymer including: (i) repeating units derived from a long-chain (meth)acrylate ester monomer represented by the formula: CH.sub.2═CA.sup.11-C(═O)—O-A.sup.12, wherein A.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and A.sup.12 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10-30 carbon atoms; (b) a surface active agent including both of a nonionic surface active agent and an anionic surface active agent, wherein the amount of the anionic surface active agent is at least 22% by weight, based on the total of the nonionic surface active agent and the anionic surface active agent; and (c) a liquid medium comprising water.

A process of fabricating the composition coating may include selecting a textile material substrate, utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate, and optionally coating the substrate with a hydrophobic chemical agent and/or other chemical agents to create a surface with nanoscopic or microscopic features. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for fabricating a composition coating that prevent wetting or staining of a substrate. The composition coatings for treating textile materials improve soil-resistance and stain-resistance of the textile materials. The composition coatings and their use for treating textile materials can also impart water repellency, oil repellency, ease of cleaning stains and removing particulates. In addition, the composite solution may impart additional properties such as physical strength to the textile whilst retaining the original appearance.

A zwitterionic resin is manufactured by a manufacturing method which includes the following steps. A first thermal process is performed on a first crosslinking agent and a choline having hydroxyl group or amino group to form a first mixture, in which the first crosslinking agent includes an isocyanate group. A second thermal process is performed on the first mixture, a second crosslinking agent, a chain extender, and an amino acid to form the zwitterionic resin, in which the chain extender includes a polyol.

A process of fabricating the waterproof coating may include selecting a textile material substrate, utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate, and optionally coating the substrate with a hydrophobic chemical agent and/or other chemical agents to create a surface with nanoscopic or microscopic features. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for fabricating a fluorine-free waterproof coating that prevent wetting or staining of a substrate, or may utilize a controlled environment. The composition coatings for treating textile materials improve soil-resistance and stain-resistance of the textile materials while the compositions contain no fluorine-based chemicals. In addition, the composite solution may impart additional properties such as physical strength to the textile whilst retaining the original appearance.

A fabric includes a fabric body and a backing resin layer laminated on a rear surface of the fabric body. The fabric body includes a fluorine-containing organic compound adhered to at least the surface thereof, and the fluorine-containing organic compound has six carbon atoms and at least one fluorine atom. The backing resin layer contains a resin, a flame retardant, and an organic fluorine based oil repellent in which the carbon number is six.

An anti-staining fabric includes a base cloth and an anti-staining resin. The anti-staining resin is disposed on the base cloth, in which a method of fabricating the anti-staining resin includes the following steps. A first thermal process is performed to mix a polyol, a cross-linking agent, and a choline to form a first mixture, in which a reaction temperature of the first thermal process is between 90° C. and 120° C. A second thermal process is performed to mix the first mixture and a chain extender to form the anti-staining resin, in which the chain extender includes a first reagent and a second reagent, and a reaction temperature of the second thermal process is between 120° C. and 150° C.

A combination is provided that is used as a self-healing cutting board or a storage container. Both comprise a natural fabric and a formulation. The formulation infuses the natural fabric. The formulation comprises a natural wax, which is preferably bees wax and Damar resin, and has a melting point of about 70 C to about 80 C. The cutting board can be rejuvenated by heating. Both the board and the storage containers are anti-microbial, non-skid, water resistant, re-useable and compostable.

A water-repellent fabric includes a base cloth and a water-repellent resin. The water-repellent resin is disposed on the base cloth, in which a method of fabricating the water-repellent resin includes the following steps. A first thermal process is performed to mix a polyol, a cross-linking agent, and a choline to form a first mixture, in which a reaction temperature of the first thermal process is between 90° C. and 120° C. A second thermal process is performed to mix the first mixture and a water repellent to form the water-repellent resin, in which the water repellent includes a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or combinations thereof, and a reaction temperature of the second thermal process is between 120° C. and 150° C.