Provided is a synthetic leather including: a base fabric that has a limiting oxygen index of 25 or more, and that is a knitted body of a yarn including a flame-retardant fiber having a limiting oxygen index of 25 or more, a cellulose-based fiber, and a carbon fiber; an adhesion layer containing a flame retardant, the adhesion layer being provided at at least one side of the base fabric; and a skin layer provided at a side of the adhesion layer opposite from a side at which the base fabric is provided.

Provided is a synthetic leather including: a base fabric that has a limiting oxygen index of 25 or more, and that is a knitted body of a yarn including a flame-retardant fiber having a limiting oxygen index of 25 or more, a cellulose-based fiber, and a carbon fiber; an adhesion layer containing a flame retardant, the adhesion layer being provided at at least one side of the base fabric; and a skin layer provided at a side of the adhesion layer opposite from a side at which the base fabric is provided.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to bio-based synthetic leathers comprising an organic layer comprising agricultural waste such as, for example, ground nutshells, nut hulls, or both, wherein the organic layer further comprises nanocellulose hydrogels and embedded natural fibers. In another aspect, the bio-based synthetic leathers further include a resin topcoat and a natural fabric backing. In yet another aspect, the bio-based synthetic leathers contain no animal products and are antimicrobial, biocompatible, and compostable. The bio-based synthetic leathers have excellent mechanical properties and can be produced without the use of environmentally harmful chemicals. Also disclosed are methods of making the bio-based synthetic leathers and articles comprising the bio-based synthetic leathers.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to bio-based synthetic leathers comprising an organic layer comprising agricultural waste such as, for example, ground nutshells, nut hulls, or both, wherein the organic layer further comprises nanocellulose hydrogels and embedded natural fibers. In another aspect, the bio-based synthetic leathers further include a resin topcoat and a natural fabric backing. In yet another aspect, the bio-based synthetic leathers contain no animal products and are antimicrobial, biocompatible, and compostable. The bio-based synthetic leathers have excellent mechanical properties and can be produced without the use of environmentally harmful chemicals. Also disclosed are methods of making the bio-based synthetic leathers and articles comprising the bio-based synthetic leathers.

The present invention relates to a grown bioleather (1), which can be used in all sectors where animal skin and artificial leather are used, resembles a genuine leather both physically and optically, does not contain any chemicals, and has cellulose produced by microorganisms as its raw material and production method thereof. With the bioleather production method (100), a bioleather that can be named as vegan leather is obtained, which leather prevents climate change and environmental pollution by reducing carbon emissions and supports sustainable development and green economy. The said bioleather (1) involves a bacterial weaving process, can decompose in soil in a short amount of time, is highly environmentally friendly, flexible and has high tensile strength and high mechanical strength.

The present invention relates to a grown bioleather (1), which can be used in all sectors where animal skin and artificial leather are used, resembles a genuine leather both physically and optically, does not contain any chemicals, and has cellulose produced by microorganisms as its raw material and production method thereof. With the bioleather production method (100), a bioleather that can be named as vegan leather is obtained, which leather prevents climate change and environmental pollution by reducing carbon emissions and supports sustainable development and green economy. The said bioleather (1) involves a bacterial weaving process, can decompose in soil in a short amount of time, is highly environmentally friendly, flexible and has high tensile strength and high mechanical strength.

An aqueous finishing composition includes at least one polyglycerol, at least one organic polycarboxylic acid containing at least three carboxyl groups, at least one esterification catalyst, at least one plasticizer, and at least one thickener selected from a group consisting of cellulose derivatives, succinoglycans and xanthans.

An aqueous finishing composition includes at least one polyglycerol, at least one organic polycarboxylic acid containing at least three carboxyl groups, at least one esterification catalyst, at least one plasticizer, and at least one thickener selected from a group consisting of cellulose derivatives, succinoglycans and xanthans.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dyed biopolymer comprising the steps of providing at least one biopolymer-producing microorganism, providing at least one dye-producing microorganism, culturing said at least one biopolymer-producing microorganism to produce at least a biopolymer, and culturing said dye-producing microorganism wherein said dye-producing microorganism produce at least a dye suitable to dye at least part of said biopolymer, whereby a dyed biopolymer is obtained. The present invention also relates to a dyed biopolymer, to process for the production of a dyed composite article comprising at least the dyed biopolymer and to articles comprising the dyed biopolymer.

Patterned light-blocking elements are prepared using a method having operations A) through F). Such method includes providing an ii) embossed and densified foamed opacifying layer on the back side of a i) fabric and a iii) non-foamed function composition on the ii) embossed and densified foamed opacifying layer. Embossing can be carried out using a specific i) fabric having a prefabricated visible relief pattern on its face side. During embossing and densification, this prefabricated visible relief pattern self-embosses the ii) embossed and densified foamed opacifying layer, thus providing a visible relief pattern in that layer that can be viewed from the face side of the patterned light-blocking element when appropriately backlit as a transmissive display in a darkened environment. Such elements can be used as window treatments as well as decorative fabrics in various environments.