Described herein is a method for producing a biofabricated material from collagen or collagen-like proteins which are recombinantly produced and which contain substantially no 3-hydroxyproline. The collagen or collagen-like proteins are isolated from animal sources, or produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by chemical synthesis. The collagen or collagen-like proteins are fibrillated, crosslinked, dehydrated and lubricated thus forming the biofabricated material having a substantially uniform network of collagen fibrils.

The invention is directed to a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.

A biofabricated material containing a network of crosslinked collagen fibrils is disclosed. This material is composed of collagen which is also a major component of natural leather and is produced by a process of fibrillation of collagen molecules into fibrils, crosslinking the fibrils and lubricating the crosslinked fibrils. Unlike natural leathers, this biofabricated material exhibits non-anisotropic (not directionally dependent) physical properties, for example, a sheet of biofabricated material can have substantially the same elasticity or tensile strength when stretched or stressed in different directions. Unlike natural leather, it has a uniform texture that facilitates uniform uptake of dyes and coatings. Aesthetically, it produces a uniform and consistent grain for ease of manufacturability. It can have substantially identical grain, texture and other aesthetic properties on both sides distinct from natural leather where the grain increases from one side (e.g., distal surface) to the other (proximal inner layers).

This disclosure relates to electromagnetic absorbing materials, and, more particularly, to a flocked carbon fiber composite material and methods for forming thereof. The flocked carbon fiber material comprises electrostatically applied carbon fibers, having a Z-plane component; electromagnetic modifiers; a substrate; a bonding agent; and an encapsulation agent. The method for forming said flocked carbon fiber composite material comprises preparing carbon fiber strands; separating carbon fiber strand clumps into carbon fiber strands; separating carbon fiber strands into carbon fibers; applying a bonding agent to a substrate; and electrostatically applying the carbon fibers to the substrate. The flocking device used to perform this method comprises an insulative section; a high voltage power source; a container attached to the insulative section; and a filtering section attached to the container.

A biofabricated material containing a network of crosslinked collagen fibrils is disclosed. This material is composed of collagen which is also a major component of natural leather and is produced by a process of fibrillation of collagen molecules into fibrils, crosslinking the fibrils and lubricating the crosslinked fibrils. Unlike natural leathers, this biofabricated material exhibits non-anisotropic (not directionally dependent) physical properties, for example, a sheet of biofabricated material can have substantially the same elasticity or tensile strength when stretched or stressed in different directions. Unlike natural leather, it has a uniform texture that facilitates uniform uptake of dyes and coatings. Aesthetically, it produces a uniform and consistent grain for ease of manufacturability. It can have substantially identical grain, texture and other aesthetic properties on both sides distinct from natural leather where the grain increases from one side (e.g., distal surface) to the other (proximal inner layers).

Disclosed are insulating materials, and in particular materials that offer improved insulation properties without compromising breathability. The insulating materials may include a base material having a moisture vapor transfer rate (MVTR) of at least 2000 g/m.sup.2/24 h (JIS 1099 A1); a plurality of heat-reflecting elements coupled to a first side of the base material, each heat-reflecting element having a heat-reflecting surface and being positioned to reflect heat towards an underlying surface; and a plurality of spacer elements coupled to the first side of the base material, each spacer element sized and shaped to reduce contact of the heat-reflecting elements with the underlying surface

Disclosed is a floor covering insulation for a motor vehicle with a multi-layer, preferably flocked, fibre insulation which, by a soft/smooth coupling layer to the wear surface, realises a sound insulation floor covering with improved acoustic and mechanical-physical properties, with a simultaneous reduction in weight if possible. Also disclosed is a process for manufacturing the sound insulation.

A process for the large-scale manufacturing vertically standing hybrid nanometer scale structures of different geometries including fractal architecture of nanostructure within a nano/micro structures made of flexible materials, on a flexible substrate including textiles is disclosed. The structures increase the surface area of the substrate. The structures maybe coated with materials that are sensitive to various physical parameters or chemicals such as but not limited to humidity, pressure, atmospheric pressure, and electromagnetic signals originating from biological or non-biological sources, volatile gases and pH. The increased surface area achieved through the disclosed process is intended to improve the sensitivity of the sensors formed by coating of the structure and substrate with a material which can be used to sense physical parameters and chemicals as listed previously. An embodiment with the structures on a textile substrate coated with a conductive, malleable and bio-compatible sensing material for use as a biopotential measurement electrode is provided.

A process for the large-scale manufacturing vertically standing hybrid nanometer scale structures of different geometries including fractal architecture of nanostructure within a nano/micro structures made of flexible materials, on a flexible substrate including textiles is disclosed. The structures increase the surface area of the substrate. The structures maybe coated with materials that are sensitive to various physical parameters or chemicals such as but not limited to humidity, pressure, atmospheric pressure, and electromagnetic signals originating from biological or non-biological sources, volatile gases and pH. The increased surface area achieved through the disclosed process is intended to improve the sensitivity of the sensors formed by coating of the structure and substrate with a material which can be used to sense physical parameters and chemicals as listed previously. An embodiment with the structures on a textile substrate coated with a conductive, malleable and bio-compatible sensing material for use as a biopotential measurement electrode is provided.

A process of manufacturing an artificial leather in one embodiment includes adhering a substrate onto a release cloth; flocking the substrate to form fur thereon; applying a synthetic resin to the substrate and drying same to form a half-finished artificial leather; foaming the half-finished artificial leather to fill interstices of the fur with the synthetic resin; sanding the half-finished artificial leather to remove excessive synthetic resin from the half-finished artificial leather; coloring the half-finished artificial leather to form a velvet-like surface; and removing the release cloth from the half-finished artificial leather to produce a finished artificial leather.