The invention is directed to kits, compositions, tools and methods for biologically cemented structures. More particularly, the invention is directed to materials and methods for the farming of bivalves, such as oysters and clams, and also other marine and fresh water invertebrates such as sponges, and other commercially worthwhile sessile organisms. The kits, compositions, tools and methods of the invention are also applied to erosion control of beaches and underwater surfaces, for the formation of foundations such as footings for pier supports, marine walls and other desirable structures.

Provided is a method for dyeing a polymer material with an aqueous pigment composition containing at least one pigment dispersed therein, wherein the polymer material is a blend including a first polymer composition and a second polymer composition which is compatible with the first polymer composition, which second polymer composition includes a binding agent for the at least one pigment. The method includes the steps of heating the polymer material to an activation temperature below the softening temperature of the polymer material,contacting the polymer material with the aqueous pigment composition at a contact temperature for a period of time sufficient to form a pigmented polymer material,subjecting the pigmented polymer material to a fixation step to fixate the at least one pigment therein by cooling the pigmented polymer material to a fixation temperature which is lower than the temperature at which contacting of the polymer material with the aqueous pigment composition is carried out.

An inkjet ink including: a solvent; a solvent-soluble dye; 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % of the ink of a perfluoropolyether; and 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the ink of a polymeric surfactant, wherein the polymeric surfactant comprises an alkyl domain.

An inkjet ink including: a solvent; a solvent-soluble dye; 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % of the ink of a perfluoropolyether; and 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the ink of a polymeric surfactant, wherein the polymeric surfactant comprises an alkyl domain.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite sheet comprising high performance polyethylene fibres and a polymeric resin comprising the steps of assembling HPPE fibres to a sheet, applying an aqueous suspension of a polymeric resin to the HPPE fibres, partially drying the aqueous suspension, optionally applying a temperature and/or a pressure treatment to the composite sheet wherein the polymeric resin is a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene. The invention further relates to composite sheets obtainable by said method and articles comprising the composite sheet such as helmets, radomes or a tarpaulins.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite sheet comprising high performance polyethylene fibres and a polymeric resin comprising the steps of assembling HPPE fibres to a sheet, applying an aqueous suspension of a polymeric resin to the HPPE fibres, partially drying the aqueous suspension, optionally applying a temperature and/or a pressure treatment to the composite sheet wherein the polymeric resin is a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene. The invention further relates to composite sheets obtainable by said method and articles comprising the composite sheet such as helmets, radomes or a tarpaulins.

The invention provides a process for preparing dyed, polypropylene-based fibers. Polypropylene having a Melt Flow Index of 45 or less is combined with an additive blend to provide the polypropylene-based polymer composition for forming into fibers. The additive blend is a terpolymer of ethylene, acrylic or methacrylic ester and maleic anhydride or glycidyl methacrylate combined with an amine-terminated polyamide, in weight ratio 3:1 to 1:1. Fatty acid monoglyceride may also be used in the polymer composition to further improve dyeability. The polypropylene-based fibers are readily dyeable by contacting the fibers with an aqueous dispersion of a disperse dye, to provide fibers with high color intensity (deep hues) and high dye substantivity and color fastness, without the need to employ temperatures in excess of the atmospheric pressure boiling point of the dye dispersion.

The invention provides a method for the application of a treatment agent to a substrate, the method comprising the treatment of the pre-wetted substrate in an aqueous system comprising the solid particulate treatment agent in a closed container, the treatment being carried out at a ratio of liquor to substrate which does not exceed 2:1. Typically, the method is applied to the dyeing of textile fibres at liquor ratios of 1:1 and is carried out in the absence of additives conventionally included for the sole purpose of promoting dye uptake by controlling electrical interactions or otherwise enhancing interactions between the substrate and the treatment agent. The invention also provides a method for the removal of surplus treatment agents following application of said treatment agents to a substrate, said method comprising not more than three wash-off treatments of said substrate with water following said application. Said wash off process most particularly comprises a two-stage process comprising performing, in order, the steps of: a first wash-off of the treated substrate with water in a closed container at a ratio of water to substrate which does not exceed 5:1; and a second wash-off of the treated substrate with water in a closed container at a ratio of water to substrate which does not exceed 10:1.

A method of transferring a dye to a fiber, braid or composite material comprising applying the dye to a transfer paper to create a dye transfer paper, placing the colored transfer media into contact with the fiber, braid or composite material over an expandable rig or expanding structure such as a metal tube, and applying at least one of heat, pressure, or vacuum to infuse the dye to the fiber, braid or composite material, creating a colored fiber, braid or composite material having minimal to no adverse changes to the physical properties of the fiber, braid or composite material.

A method of transferring a dye to a fiber, braid or composite material comprising applying the dye to a transfer paper to create a dye transfer paper, placing the colored transfer media into contact with the fiber, braid or composite material over an expandable rig or expanding structure such as a metal tube, and applying at least one of heat, pressure, or vacuum to infuse the dye to the fiber, braid or composite material, creating a colored fiber, braid or composite material having minimal to no adverse changes to the physical properties of the fiber, braid or composite material.