An entirely water-based, energy self-sufficient, integrated in-line waste management system is provided for comprehensive conversion of all organic fractions of municipal and wider community waste to fuels suitable for use in transportation, with all solid residues converted to high nutrition compost. The system is based on a combination of pre-treatment, involving alkaline hydrolysis and saponification; three-way separation of the pre-treated waste into different streams that are each directed to suitable further processing including fuel production; which includes biodiesel generation in a continuous-flow catalytic esterification unit, and anaerobic digestion to produce methane or other small molecule biofuel. Remaining solids are converted to compost in a quasi-continuous process.

A method of producing chemical pulp including at least the following steps: a) wood chips or other comminuted ligno-cellulosic fibrous material is treated with a polysulfide-containing cooking liquor in an impregnation stage at a temperature of 90-145 C., and b) slurry of fibrous material from step a) is heated into cooking temperature and cooked for producing pulp having a desired kappa number. After step a) mercaptide ions are added into the slurry of fibrous material and the fibrous material is treated at cooking temperature in step b).

The present invention provides reconstituted tobacco and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco. The preparation method provided by the present invention includes the steps of: subjecting tobacco stems to hot-water extraction and pulping by mill successively to obtain tobacco stem pulp; mixing the tobacco stem pulp with alkaline matter for oxygen delignification in an oxygen environment to obtain oxygen-delignified tobacco stem pulp, where the alkaline matter includes one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; mixing the oxygen-delignified tobacco stem pulp with tobacco pulp, calcium carbonate and a retention agent, and subjecting the mixture to a papermaking process in the paper machine to obtain reconstituted tobacco sheets; and coating the reconstituted tobacco sheets with a concentrated tobacco extracting solution to obtain reconstituted tobacco. By means of the oxygen delignification of the tobacco stem pulp in the present invention, the lignin component in tobacco stems is partially removed, and the reconstituted tobacco prepared from processed tobacco stems and other raw materials has a soft flavor without wood smell.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicalsfor example ethanol, butanol etcand/or materialsfor example plastics, single cell proteins etc.together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of second generation biofuels and/or sugar based chemicalsfor example ethanol, butanol etcand/or materialsfor example plastics, single cell proteins etc.together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular from lignocellulosic biomass comprising, among others, annual plants, agricultural waste, or wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the production of sugar based chemicals, biofuels or materials together with sulfonated lignin from lignocellulosic biomass comprising the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass in a sulfite cooking step.

A process for producing refined cotton with a high polymerization degree includes: a. selection of material; b. impurity removal; c. impregnation; d. pretreatment: compounding triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate and magnesium oxide in equal proportion to form a cooking compound adjuvant with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.5%, putting the cooking compound adjuvant into a spherical digester together with the cotton linter subjected to the impregnation treatment, heating to 70 C, stopping heating, and subjecting to idling pretreatment for 40-60 min; e. cooking; f. cooling of the spherical digester; g. formulating a chlorine dioxide bleaching stabilization solution; h. a first stage of bleaching; I. alkali treatment; J. a second stage of bleaching; K. dechlorination; and l. rolling and drying by baking.

A process for producing refined cotton with a high polymerization degree includes: a. selection of material; b. impurity removal; c. impregnation; d. pretreatment: compounding triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate and magnesium oxide in equal proportion to form a cooking compound adjuvant with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.5%, putting the cooking compound adjuvant into a spherical digester together with the cotton linter subjected to the impregnation treatment, heating to 70 C, stopping heating, and subjecting to idling pretreatment for 40-60 min; e. cooking; f. cooling of the spherical digester; g. formulating a chlorine dioxide bleaching stabilization solution; h. a first stage of bleaching; I. alkali treatment; J. a second stage of bleaching; K. dechlorination; and l. rolling and drying by baking.

A method for producing bioplastic granules includes the steps of subjecting an olive pit waste (prina) from olive oil factories to two different chemical shredding processes, extracting a necessary material for a bioplastic production from a shredded olive pit waste and adding natural polymerizer form holders into the necessary material.

A method for producing bioplastic granules includes the steps of subjecting an olive pit waste (prina) from olive oil factories to two different chemical shredding processes, extracting a necessary material for a bioplastic production from a shredded olive pit waste and adding natural polymerizer form holders into the necessary material.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of an organic acid from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process is integrated with a pulp mill and comprises the steps: a) providing a lignocellulosic feedstock; b) obtaining an alkaline liquor from the pulp mill; c) pre-treating the lignocellulosic feedstock with the alkaline liquor, thereby obtaining a pretreated cellulosic feed and a black liquor; d) obtaining calcium oxide from the pulp mill; e) subjecting the pretreated cellulosic feed from step c) to enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby obtaining a saccharide feed; f) subjecting the saccharide feed from step e) to microbial fermentation using the calcium oxide from step d) as a neutralising agent, thereby obtaining an organic acid calcium salt; g) treating the organic acid calcium salt with sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining gypsum and the organic acid; h) optionally isolating lignin from the black liquor obtained in step c), thereby obtaining lignin and weak black liquor; and i) returning the black liquor obtained in step c) and/or the weak black liquor obtained in step h) to the pulp mill for integration with the pulp mill chemical recovery process; wherein steps e) and f) are performed either sequentially or simultaneously.