Embodiments of the present subject matter provide a biocidal composition comprising an aqueous mixture of (a) a phosphonium compound and (b) a polymeric ammonium compound, wherein the weight ratio of compound (a) to compound (b) is from 0.2:1 to 20:1, and wherein the phosphonium compound (a) has formula:

##STR00001## wherein each R is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyano, hydroxyl, esterified hydroxyl or aryl group; R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted; and X represents either chlorine or bromine; and wherein the polymeric ammonium compound (b) comprises the repeat unit:

##STR00002## wherein each R.sup.2 is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted; R.sup.3 represents a C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted; and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted, a diethyl ether group, an isopropanol group, a N,N-dipropylurea group, or a 2-butene group.

In some embodiments, the biocidal composition has a synergy index (SI) of less than 1 in relation to the effect of the composition on the inhibition of growth of biological organisms.

The present invention discloses a method for detackifying organic contaminants in the process of pulping and papermaking and a composition used for the same. Specifically, the invention discloses that the water circulation system of pulping and papermaking process can be provided with non-ionic cellulose ether and cationic coagulant in lower amount, through which, the deposition of organic contaminants can be inhibited under the synergistic action of pre-coagulation and detackification.

The present invention discloses a method for detackifying organic contaminants in the process of pulping and papermaking and a composition used for the same. Specifically, the invention discloses that the water circulation system of pulping and papermaking process can be provided with non-ionic cellulose ether and cationic coagulant in lower amount, through which, the deposition of organic contaminants can be inhibited under the synergistic action of pre-coagulation and detackification.

Provided are a pitch-formation suppressor and the like which can be widely applied independently of the substance that causes a pitch and of the situation to generate a pitch in a paper manufacturing process, and which can effectively suppress and prevent the troubles due to the pitch, such as foreign spots and defects in a paper, breakage of a paper, and lowering of workability. This pitch-formation suppressor comprises an alkaline solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved, or an acid solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved.

Provided are a pitch-formation suppressor and the like which can be widely applied independently of the substance that causes a pitch and of the situation to generate a pitch in a paper manufacturing process, and which can effectively suppress and prevent the troubles due to the pitch, such as foreign spots and defects in a paper, breakage of a paper, and lowering of workability. This pitch-formation suppressor comprises an alkaline solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved, or an acid solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved.

The present invention relates to a copolymer comprising at least one hydrophilic monomer; at least one hydrophobic monomer and at least 10% by weight of methyl styrene, particularly suitable to be used as detackifying agent for reducing negative effects caused by natural pitch and/or adhesive contaminants in both pulping and papermaking operations.

A method is disclosed for producing products based on wood as a raw material. The method includes wood, in the form of wood particles, being subjected to an extraction treatment using an extracting agent. The extracting agent may include one or more organic solvents in an organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent or solvents with water. A content of fatty acids in the wood particles is reduced, by the extraction treatment of the wood particles using the solvent, by at least 70%, measured as hexanal content in wt. % after accelerated aging for 72 h at 90 C., while the content of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin is largely maintained during this extraction treatment.

Provided is a method for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface. Also provided is an apparatus suitable for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface.

Provided is a method for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface. Also provided is an apparatus suitable for directed fouling of a substance onto a selected surface.

Embodiments of the present subject matter provide a biocidal composition comprising an aqueous mixture of (a) a phosphonium compound and (b) a polymeric ammonium compound, wherein the weight ratio of compound (a) to compound (b) is from 0.2:1 to 20:1, and wherein the phosphonium compound (a) has formula: ##STR00001## wherein each R is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyano, hydroxyl, esterified hydroxyl or aryl group; R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted; and X represents either chlorine or bromine; and wherein the polymeric ammonium compound (b) comprises the repeat unit: ##STR00002## wherein each R.sup.2 is independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted; R.sup.3 represents a C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted; and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted, a diethyl ether group, an isopropanol group, a N,N-dipropylurea group, or a 2-butene group. In some embodiments, the biocidal composition has a synergy index (SI) of less than 1 in relation to the effect of the composition on the inhibition of growth of biological organisms.