The soluble material for three-dimensional modeling that is used as a material of a support material that supports a three-dimensional object when manufacturing the three-dimensional object with a fused deposition modeling type 3D printer. The soluble material for three-dimensional modeling includes at least one copolymer comprising a specific hydrophilic monomer unit and a specific hydrophobic monomer unit. The present invention has a glass transition temperature suitable for the FDM system, has a high dissolution rate in an alkaline aqueous solution, can be quickly removed from a precursor of a three-dimensional object, and makes it possible to suppress or reduce damage to a three-dimensional object.

An optical fiber is a linear radiator uniform in the longer direction thereof, and a lighting device uses the optical fiber. The optical fiber is a lighting fiber having a core and a cladding. In the fiber, as the cladding, there is used a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizing ingredient containing 90% or more by weight of vinylidene fluoride, and the cladding has a crystallinity of 45% to 52%.

An optical fiber is a linear radiator uniform in the longer direction thereof, and a lighting device uses the optical fiber. The optical fiber is a lighting fiber having a core and a cladding. In the fiber, as the cladding, there is used a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizing ingredient containing 90% or more by weight of vinylidene fluoride, and the cladding has a crystallinity of 45% to 52%.

A supramolecular polymer with living characteristics is provided based on small molecules or metal complexes of a planar or linear geometry and a polymer. The small molecules are solvophobic and can associate or assemble with each other through non-covalent interactions such as but not limited to metal-metal, π-π, hydrogen-bonding, and/or solvophobic-solvophobic interactions, in the modulation of the polymer. The polymer has affinity to the medium (e.g., solvent) and still interacts with the small molecules via non-covalent interactions such as electrostatic attractions to stabilize the associated/assembled small molecules. Varying the composition and/or length of the polymer can modulate the dimensions of the supramolecular polymer and the nanostructures therefrom. The two- or multi-component supramolecular polymer has active ends to support further supramolecular polymerization upon addition of small molecules of a planar or linear geometry. A process of two-component living supramolecular polymerization is also provided.

Disclosed are methods of fiber spinning and polymer fibers that utilize multifunctional thiol and enes compounds. Also, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to uses of polymer fibers and articles prepared from such fibers.

Disclosed are methods of fiber spinning and polymer fibers that utilize multifunctional thiol and enes compounds. Also, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to uses of polymer fibers and articles prepared from such fibers.

A temperature-responsive material having a structure represented by formula (I): ##STR00001## is provided, where in formula (I), X has a structure represented by formula (i) or formula (ii): ##STR00002## x and y are in a molar ratio of 9:1 to 1:3, n is an integer of 7 to 120, and m is an integer of 10 to 1,000.

A temperature-responsive material having a structure represented by formula (I): ##STR00001## is provided, where in formula (I), X has a structure represented by formula (i) or formula (ii): ##STR00002## x and y are in a molar ratio of 9:1 to 1:3, n is an integer of 7 to 120, and m is an integer of 10 to 1,000.

A method for producing a metal pattern by processing a substrate having on its surface a metal layer with a photosensitive fiber having a specific composition, a method for producing a metal pattern, and a composition for producing the photosensitive fiber. The photosensitive fiber contains a positive photosensitive material. The positive photosensitive material may contain a novolac resin, etc. The method for producing a metal pattern includes a first step of forming a fiber layer of photosensitive resin on a substrate having on its surface a metal layer; a second step of exposing the fiber layer to light via a mask; a third step of developing the fiber layer with a developer to thereby form a photosensitive fiber pattern; and a fourth step of etching the metal layer with an etchant and removing the photosensitive fiber, to thereby form a network metal pattern.

A method for producing a metal pattern by processing a substrate having on its surface a metal layer with a photosensitive fiber having a specific composition, a method for producing a metal pattern, and a composition for producing the photosensitive fiber. The photosensitive fiber contains a positive photosensitive material. The positive photosensitive material may contain a novolac resin, etc. The method for producing a metal pattern includes a first step of forming a fiber layer of photosensitive resin on a substrate having on its surface a metal layer; a second step of exposing the fiber layer to light via a mask; a third step of developing the fiber layer with a developer to thereby form a photosensitive fiber pattern; and a fourth step of etching the metal layer with an etchant and removing the photosensitive fiber, to thereby form a network metal pattern.