An AM/AV fabric comprising base fibers comprising a base polymer composition and AM/AV fibers comprising an AM/AV polymer composition comprising an AM/AV polymer and an AM/AV compound. The base fibers and the AM/AV fibers are intermingled with one another; and the fabric demonstrates an Escherichia coli efficacy log reduction greater than 4.0, as measured in accordance with ASTM E3160 (2018) and a particle filtration efficiency greater than 35%.

Example methods and articles of manufacture related to electrospun aramid nanofibers are provided. One example method may include forming a resultant solution by reacting a solution of aramids dissolved in a solvent with an electrophile. In this regard, the electrophile may perform a side chain substitution on the dissolved aramids. The example method may further include electrospinning the resultant solution to form an aramid nanofiber.

Embodiments of the invention relate to flame resistant fabrics containing fibers having at least one energy absorbing and/or reflecting additive incorporated into the fibers. Inclusion of such fibers into the fabric increases the arc rating/fabric weight ratio of the fabric while still complying with all requisite thermal protective requirements.

Fabrics including a single-ply yarn are described herein along with fabrics that have low picks per inch or low courses per inch. The fabrics may comprise modacrylic fibers, meta-aramid fibers, anti-static fibers, and optionally para-aramid fibers, and the fabrics may comprise: about 10% or 20% to about 60% or 80% modacrylic fibers by weight of the fabric; about 20% or 40% to about 80% meta-aramid fibers by weight of the fabric; about 0.1% to about 2% anti-static fibers by weight of the fabric; and about 0% to about 10% para-aramid fibers by weight of the fabric.

The present invention relates to a method for providing resistance to phenolic yellowing, during storage, transportation and processing of polyamide articles, caused by the presence of phenolic compounds in plastic package materials. The phenolic yellowing resistance is obtained by adding a sulfonated reagent during polymerization of the polyamide and/or during the formation of the polyamide article, like melt-spinning extrusion, and/or during the conversion of the polyamide article by texturizing.

The present invention relates to a method for providing resistance to phenolic yellowing, during storage, transportation and processing of polyamide articles, caused by the presence of phenolic compounds in plastic package materials. The phenolic yellowing resistance is obtained by adding a sulfonated reagent during polymerization of the polyamide and/or during the formation of the polyamide article, like melt-spinning extrusion, and/or during the conversion of the polyamide article by texturizing.

[Problem] To provide: a carbon fiber precursor fiber that can efficiently produce a carbon fiber at a low cost which is excellent in mechanical strengths even without an infusibilization treatment; a carbon fiber; and a method for producing the carbon fiber.

[Solution] A carbon fiber precursor fiber of the present invention includes a polymer containing a constituent unit represented by General Formula (1) below:

##STR00001## where in the General Formula (1), X and Y each independently represent a divalent substituent, a single bond, or a structure forming a fused ring by sharing one side of two adjacent rings, and the divalent substituent is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —OSO—, —NH—, —CO—, —CH.sub.2—, and —CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2—.

A polyamide multifilament has a total fineness of 4.0-6.0 dtex, a single yarn fineness of 1.2 dtex or below, a strength-elongation product of 9.1 or above, and an elongation degree of 40-50%. A polyamide fiber has a small total fineness and single fiber fineness while having a high strength-elongation product and exhibiting a low unevenness (U%) in the longitudinal direction. Stockings exhibit an excellent higher-order process passability and productivity and exhibit an excellent softness, durability, and transparent feel and a fabric exhibits an excellent softness and durability.

A polyamide multifilament has a total fineness of 4.0-6.0 dtex, a single yarn fineness of 1.2 dtex or below, a strength-elongation product of 9.1 or above, and an elongation degree of 40-50%. A polyamide fiber has a small total fineness and single fiber fineness while having a high strength-elongation product and exhibiting a low unevenness (U%) in the longitudinal direction. Stockings exhibit an excellent higher-order process passability and productivity and exhibit an excellent softness, durability, and transparent feel and a fabric exhibits an excellent softness and durability.

Building materials and methods of making a building material are disclosed. An exemplary method includes receiving algae; and subjecting the algae to an oil extraction process, in order to produce vegetable oil. The method further includes producing synthetic fibers by processing the vegetable oil from the oil extraction process; and processing the synthetic fibers to produce a tension and pressure resistant material.