Methods of treating fibers comprising a polymer including at least one of a vinyl acetate moiety or a vinyl alcohol moiety, and resulting fibers or the products comprising the resulting fibers are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a fiber having a surface region and an interior region, includes a polymer comprising at least one of a vinyl acetate moiety or a vinyl alcohol moiety chemically modified with a modification agent. The fiber has a transverse cross-section including the interior region comprising the polymer having a first degree of modification and the surface region comprising the polymer having a second degree of modification greater than the first degree of modification.

Methods of treating fibers comprising a polymer including at least one of a vinyl acetate moiety or a vinyl alcohol moiety, and resulting fibers or the products comprising the resulting fibers are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a method of treating fibers includes contacting a surface of a fiber comprising the polymer with a modification agent to chemically modify at least a portion of the polymer with the modification agent in a region of the fiber comprising at least the surface of the fiber to form a modified fiber.

Methods of treating fibers comprising a polymer including at least one of a vinyl acetate moiety or a vinyl alcohol moiety, and resulting fibers or the products comprising the resulting fibers are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a method of treating fibers includes contacting a surface of a fiber comprising the polymer with a modification agent to chemically modify at least a portion of the polymer with the modification agent in a region of the fiber comprising at least the surface of the fiber to form a modified fiber.

The present invention provides a highly functional polyethylene fiber exhibiting reduction of change in their physical properties in a wide range of temperatures for processing for products and in a wide range of temperatures for usage as products, thereby enabling improvement of dimensional stability. In addition, the present invention provides a highly functional polyethylene fiber exhibiting a high degree of dye exhaustion to be obtained in a simple dyeing operation, and excellent color fastness. The highly functional polyethylene fiber of the present invention is characterized in that an intrinsic viscosity [η] is higher than or equal to 0.8 dL/g, and not higher than 4.9 dL/g, ethylene is substantially contained as a repeating unit thereof, and a maximum thermal shrinkage stress is less than or equal to 0.4 cN/dtex in TMA (thermo-mechanical analysis), and a thermal shrinking percentage at 100° C. is less than or equal to 2.5%.

The present invention provides a highly functional polyethylene fiber exhibiting reduction of change in their physical properties in a wide range of temperatures for processing for products and in a wide range of temperatures for usage as products, thereby enabling improvement of dimensional stability. In addition, the present invention provides a highly functional polyethylene fiber exhibiting a high degree of dye exhaustion to be obtained in a simple dyeing operation, and excellent color fastness. The highly functional polyethylene fiber of the present invention is characterized in that an intrinsic viscosity [η] is higher than or equal to 0.8 dL/g, and not higher than 4.9 dL/g, ethylene is substantially contained as a repeating unit thereof, and a maximum thermal shrinkage stress is less than or equal to 0.4 cN/dtex in TMA (thermo-mechanical analysis), and a thermal shrinking percentage at 100° C. is less than or equal to 2.5%.

With the present invention a carbon fiber aggregate is provided that has an average fiber diameter of 100-1000 nm, and a fiber diameter variation coefficient (CV value) greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.0.

With the present invention a carbon fiber aggregate is provided that has an average fiber diameter of 100-1000 nm, and a fiber diameter variation coefficient (CV value) greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.0.

The disclosure relates to high-strength polyolefin composite fibers, which fibers have a fiber body comprising a composition consisting of polyolefin; 1-30 mass % of bioceramic particles having particle size D50 of 0.01-10 μm; at most 0.05 mass % of residual spin solvent; optionally 0-3 mass % of other additives; and wherein the sum of a)-d) is 100 mass %; and which fibers have bioceramic particles exposed at their surface, and show bioactivity. The composite fibers based on a composition of polyolefin with bioceramic particles mixed therein show particles being exposed at the fiber surface by techniques like AFM and XPS, and although apparently only a relatively small amount of bioceramic particles is exposed at the fiber surface, this appears sufficient for effective interaction with their environment and stimulating a positive biological response as demonstrated by in vitro cell studies.

The present disclosure also concerns a method of making the high-strength composite fibers via a gel spinning process, fibrous articles comprising said bioactive composite fibers. Further embodiments concern use of these fibrous articles as a component of a medical implant or as a medical implant, especially as permanent high-strength orthopedic implants for repairing bone fractures or torn ligaments or tendons. Other embodiments include medical devices or implants comprising said fibrous articles.

The disclosure relates to high-strength polyolefin composite fibers, which fibers have a fiber body comprising a composition consisting of polyolefin; 1-30 mass % of bioceramic particles having particle size D50 of 0.01-10 μm; at most 0.05 mass % of residual spin solvent; optionally 0-3 mass % of other additives; and wherein the sum of a)-d) is 100 mass %; and which fibers have bioceramic particles exposed at their surface, and show bioactivity. The composite fibers based on a composition of polyolefin with bioceramic particles mixed therein show particles being exposed at the fiber surface by techniques like AFM and XPS, and although apparently only a relatively small amount of bioceramic particles is exposed at the fiber surface, this appears sufficient for effective interaction with their environment and stimulating a positive biological response as demonstrated by in vitro cell studies.

The present disclosure also concerns a method of making the high-strength composite fibers via a gel spinning process, fibrous articles comprising said bioactive composite fibers. Further embodiments concern use of these fibrous articles as a component of a medical implant or as a medical implant, especially as permanent high-strength orthopedic implants for repairing bone fractures or torn ligaments or tendons. Other embodiments include medical devices or implants comprising said fibrous articles.

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing carbon fibers utilizing a salt of an organic cation containing C═N imine group, and carbon fibers produced by such process.