A fabric, in particular carpet, having a shadow effect, comprises a backing fabric (BF) having binding warp yarns (B.sub.1, B.sub.2) repeatedly crossing each other for providing weft receiving openings (O) between crossings (C.sub.1, C.sub.2) thereof following each other in a warp direction (WA) and weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) substantially extending in a weft direction through the weft receiving openings (O), and pile warp yarns (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4) interlaced with weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) of the backing fabric (BF) for providing piles (P) extending out of the backing fabric (BF) at a pile side (PS), wherein, through at least one weft receiving opening (O), preferably the majority of the weft receiving openings (O), most preferably each weft receiving opening (O), two weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) extend, wherein in at least one weft receiving opening (O), preferably the majority of the weft receiving openings (O), one of the weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) is positioned at a back side (BS) relative to at least one weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T) extending in the backing fabric (BF) substantially in the warp direction (WA) and the other one of the weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) is positioned at the pile side (PS) relative to the at least one weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T), wherein, for providing a pile (P) in association with this weft receiving opening (O), a pile warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3) is interlaced with the weft yarn (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) of this weft receiving opening (O) positioned at the back side (BS) relative to the at least one weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T), such as to extend out of the backing fabric (BF) between this weft yarn (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) and the other weft yarn (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) of this weft receiving opening (O), wherein, for changing the direction of inclination of the piles (P), at least one transition zone (Z) is provided, wherein, in at least one transition zone (Z), two transition weft yarns (TE.sub.1, TE.sub.2) provided immediately adjacent to each other in the warp direction (WA) extending through at least one weft receiving opening (O) are positioned at substantially the same level in a direction (D) that is substantially perpendicular with respect to a plane defined by the warp direction (WA) and the weft direction and/or are not separated by a weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T).

A fabric, in particular carpet, having a shadow effect, comprises a backing fabric (BF) having binding warp yarns (B.sub.1, B.sub.2) repeatedly crossing each other for providing weft receiving openings (O) between crossings (C.sub.1, C.sub.2) thereof following each other in a warp direction (WA) and weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) substantially extending in a weft direction through the weft receiving openings (O), and pile warp yarns (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4) interlaced with weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) of the backing fabric (BF) for providing piles (P) extending out of the backing fabric (BF) at a pile side (PS), wherein, through at least one weft receiving opening (O), preferably the majority of the weft receiving openings (O), most preferably each weft receiving opening (O), two weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) extend, wherein in at least one weft receiving opening (O), preferably the majority of the weft receiving openings (O), one of the weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) is positioned at a back side (BS) relative to at least one weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T) extending in the backing fabric (BF) substantially in the warp direction (WA) and the other one of the weft yarns (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) is positioned at the pile side (PS) relative to the at least one weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T), wherein, for providing a pile (P) in association with this weft receiving opening (O), a pile warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3) is interlaced with the weft yarn (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) of this weft receiving opening (O) positioned at the back side (BS) relative to the at least one weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T), such as to extend out of the backing fabric (BF) between this weft yarn (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) and the other weft yarn (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) of this weft receiving opening (O), wherein, for changing the direction of inclination of the piles (P), at least one transition zone (Z) is provided, wherein, in at least one transition zone (Z), two transition weft yarns (TE.sub.1, TE.sub.2) provided immediately adjacent to each other in the warp direction (WA) extending through at least one weft receiving opening (O) are positioned at substantially the same level in a direction (D) that is substantially perpendicular with respect to a plane defined by the warp direction (WA) and the weft direction and/or are not separated by a weft separating warp yarn (PY.sub.1, PY.sub.2, PY.sub.3, PY.sub.4, T).

A mat for a hybrid sport or decorative turf, having a form of a woven fabric, with a single-sided cover pile made of olefin synthetic yarns such as polyethylene and/or polypropylene and/or polyester, according to a W or 5/12W or 7/16W weave structure, comprising pile burls interlaced with weft, wherein the ends of the burls form synthetic grass blades. The mat has from 5000 to 20000 pile burls per m.sup.2, a warp density from 54 to 72 ends/10 cm, a weft density from 30 to 80 ends/10 cm and a pile height from 20 to 140 mm, wherein each pile burl (3) is interlaced at least two times over three weft fibers (5), and wherein the total surface mass of the mat is from 753 to 2105 g/m.sup.2.

A mat for a hybrid sport or decorative turf, having a form of a woven fabric, with a single-sided cover pile made of olefin synthetic yarns such as polyethylene and/or polypropylene and/or polyester, according to a W or 5/12W or 7/16W weave structure, comprising pile burls interlaced with weft, wherein the ends of the burls form synthetic grass blades. The mat has from 5000 to 20000 pile burls per m.sup.2, a warp density from 54 to 72 ends/10 cm, a weft density from 30 to 80 ends/10 cm and a pile height from 20 to 140 mm, wherein each pile burl (3) is interlaced at least two times over three weft fibers (5), and wherein the total surface mass of the mat is from 753 to 2105 g/m.sup.2.

A weaving method for the double-face weaving of pile fabrics wherein at least five different pile warp threads (12-19), (20-27) with a yarn number of between 6 and 10 Nm final and at least two tension warp threads (8),(9); (10,11) are provided for each warp thread system (100) and for each fabric (28), (29), wherein the weft threads (1,2), (2,3) of each fabric are divided over at least three levels, while the ground weave repeat runs over at least eight insertion cycles (I-VIII), wherein between 200 and 1000 warp thread systems per meter are provided, and at least 16 pile rows per cm are formed in the warp direction.

A weaving method for the double-face weaving of pile fabrics wherein at least five different pile warp threads (12-19), (20-27) with a yarn number of between 6 and 10 Nm final and at least two tension warp threads (8),(9); (10,11) are provided for each warp thread system (100) and for each fabric (28), (29), wherein the weft threads (1,2), (2,3) of each fabric are divided over at least three levels, while the ground weave repeat runs over at least eight insertion cycles (I-VIII), wherein between 200 and 1000 warp thread systems per meter are provided, and at least 16 pile rows per cm are formed in the warp direction.

A method and apparatus for manufacturing carpets with an antique appearance using an automated weaving machine. The system integrates advanced control of warp tension, specialized pile yarn, and a unique reed and lancet assembly to replicate the randomized wear patterns, variable pile heights, and textural intricacies characteristic of aged carpets. A blend of synthetic and natural fibers undergoes a proprietary crimping, spinning, and two-stage dyeing process, producing multicolored yarn with pseudo-random shrinkage properties. Warp threads are precisely positioned using weighted beams and tiered lancets, enabling the creation of areas with zero and non-zero pile heights, separated by gradual transition zones. The resulting carpets exhibit high aesthetic authenticity and structural durability. A chi-squared statistical process ensures the randomness of worn patterns, optimizing the antique effect. The invention provides a scalable and efficient solution for producing affordable carpets that closely mimic the look and feel of genuine antiques.

Fibrous cleaning material and roller compositions for floor cleaners are provided. The fibrous cleaning material can include a plurality of unit fiber sections. Each unit fiber section in the plurality of unit fiber sections can include a first fine fiber material having a fineness of less than about 1 denier, a second fine fiber material having a fineness of between about 1 and 10 denier, a first bristle material having a fineness of between about 10 and 50 denier, and a second bristle material having a fineness of greater than about 100 denier. A bristle lay of the unit fiber section and a small fiber lay of the unit fiber section can be skew relative to each other.

A pile knit fabric for internal materials of vehicles may include a knit layer prepared by weaving ground yarns, on one surface thereof, and a pile layer prepared by interweaving pile yarns with ground yarn loops of the knit layer, on the other surface thereof and, thus, has excellent physical coupling force between the ground yarns and the pile yarns and has excellent abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and formability as well as soft tactility.

A pile knit fabric for internal materials of vehicles may include a knit layer prepared by weaving ground yarns, on one surface thereof, and a pile layer prepared by interweaving pile yarns with ground yarn loops of the knit layer, on the other surface thereof and, thus, has excellent physical coupling force between the ground yarns and the pile yarns and has excellent abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and formability as well as soft tactility.