An embodiment herein provides a process for dyeing of textile materials 108 with supercritical fluid. One or more dye materials 102 along with additives (if required) are mixed with at least one suitable solvent 104 to obtain one or more dye solutions 106. A textile material 108 is pre-treated with the one or more dye solutions 106 to obtain a dye coated textile material 110. The dye-coated textile material 110 is exposed to the supercritical fluid 112 in a supercritical fluid dyeing vessel at controlled pressure and temperature. The supercritical fluid 112 solubilizes and diffuses the one or more dye materials 102 inside the surface, pores and capillaries of the textile material 108. The supercritical fluid vessel is then depressurized below supercritical condition to entrap the one or more dye materials 102 in the textile material 108 to obtain a supercritical fluid dyed textile material 114.

A conveyor-driven fabric dyeing machine includes a recovery container and a dye chemical saving structure. One or multiple containers are provided for recovering and storing hot water for use in a next dyeing operation in order to achieve an effect of saving energy and shortening dyeing time. If desired, liquids for dyeing may be directly collected and recovered, such as water with low contamination or alkali liquid for specific treatment, for use in a next dyeing operation in order to achieve an effect of saving water and reducing the amount of chemicals consumed, and also to reduce the amount of dye and chemicals that is consumed due to oxidation and reduction caused by air. The recovery container may be provided therein with a heat exchanger for recovery of heat. A gas filling opening is formed in the machine body for introducing a gas to expel out air.

A conveyor-driven fabric dyeing machine includes a recovery container and a dye chemical saving structure. One or multiple containers are provided for recovering and storing hot water for use in a next dyeing operation in order to achieve an effect of saving energy and shortening dyeing time. If desired, liquids for dyeing may be directly collected and recovered, such as water with low contamination or alkali liquid for specific treatment, for use in a next dyeing operation in order to achieve an effect of saving water and reducing the amount of chemicals consumed, and also to reduce the amount of dye and chemicals that is consumed due to oxidation and reduction caused by air. The recovery container may be provided therein with a heat exchanger for recovery of heat. A gas filling opening is formed in the machine body for introducing a gas to expel out air.

A conveyor-driven horizontal fabric dyeing machine includes a machine body that is set horizontal and has a bottom to which a liquid storage tank is mounted at a predetermined location and is lower, in position, than the bottom of the machine body. The liquid storage tank has a volumetric capacity that is large enough to accommodate all or most of the amount of dye liquid falling down and returning from a rear end of a dyeing tube so as to greatly reduce the amount of the dye liquid used. Further, alternatively or additionally, a heat exchanger or a filter may be separately mounted in the liquid storage tank or both the heat exchanger and the filter are mounted in the liquid storage tank to carry out temperature raising/lowering and filtration of the dye liquid. As such, the structure of the dyeing machine is simplified.

A conveyor-driven horizontal fabric dyeing machine includes a machine body that is set horizontal and has a bottom to which a liquid storage tank is mounted at a predetermined location and is lower, in position, than the bottom of the machine body. The liquid storage tank has a volumetric capacity that is large enough to accommodate all or most of the amount of dye liquid falling down and returning from a rear end of a dyeing tube so as to greatly reduce the amount of the dye liquid used. Further, alternatively or additionally, a heat exchanger or a filter may be separately mounted in the liquid storage tank or both the heat exchanger and the filter are mounted in the liquid storage tank to carry out temperature raising/lowering and filtration of the dye liquid. As such, the structure of the dyeing machine is simplified.

A conveyor-driven dual-nozzle fabric dyeing machine includes a machine body in which a conveyor device for conveying fabric and a fabric guide roller are arranged; first and second dyeing tubes through which the fabric selectively passes for being dyed; a first nozzle located below the fabric guide roller and connected to the first dyeing tube; and a second nozzle set horizontally or in an inclined condition and connected to the second dyeing tube. To operate, the fabric is guided around the fabric guide roller and selectively fed through the first nozzle into the first dyeing tube for being dyed or alternatively fed through the second nozzle into the second dyeing tube and also a rear portion of the first dyeing tube to be dyed therein. Fabrics of different kinds can be fed through different nozzles and dyeing tubes to achieve a better effect of dyeing.

A conveyor-driven dual-nozzle fabric dyeing machine includes a machine body in which a conveyor device for conveying fabric and a fabric guide roller are arranged; first and second dyeing tubes through which the fabric selectively passes for being dyed; a first nozzle located below the fabric guide roller and connected to the first dyeing tube; and a second nozzle set horizontally or in an inclined condition and connected to the second dyeing tube. To operate, the fabric is guided around the fabric guide roller and selectively fed through the first nozzle into the first dyeing tube for being dyed or alternatively fed through the second nozzle into the second dyeing tube and also a rear portion of the first dyeing tube to be dyed therein. Fabrics of different kinds can be fed through different nozzles and dyeing tubes to achieve a better effect of dyeing.

Processes and apparatus for dyeing a textile product are provided whereby an undyed textile product is introduced into a substantially anaerobic dyeing chamber having an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm oxygen therein, and at least two dye mixtures having a differential dye exhaustion rate of at least 10% are applied onto the textile product within the substantially anaerobic dying chamber. Thereafter the dyed textile product may be exposed to an oxygen-containing atmosphere so as to oxidize the applied dyes. At least one of the dyes may have a dye exhaustion rate of at least about 25%, or even at least about 50%. The embodiments herein are especially adapted to dyeing of textile products whereby one dye in the at least two dye mixtures is a sulfur dye and another dye in the at least two dye mixtures is a leuco indigo dye.

Processes and apparatus are disclosed which substantially eliminate the formation of oxidized indigo dye before and during dye application onto a natural fiber yarn or fabric while allowing the leuco-indigo dye molecule to diffuse fully into the natural fibers of the yarn where it can fix to the fibers prior to oxidation (i.e., exposure of the leuco-dyed yarns to oxygen). Indigo dyed textile products (e.g., dyed cotton yarns that may be twill woven to form a denim fabric) exhibit exceptionally high colorfastness as determined by the AATCC Crock Test.

Substrates are coated with a curable composition that includes at least one free radical polymerizable monomer and a heat-activated polymerization initiator. The coating is applied to the substrate and cured thereon to produce the coating. Curing is performed by purging molecular air from the vessel containing the substrate, pressuring with an oxygen-deficient gas and then curing the fabric in the oxygen-deficient gas at elevated pressure and temperature.