The present invention addresses the problem of providing a synthetic fiber first processing agent which improves storage stability. This synthetic fiber first processing agent contains a phosphate compound (A), a solvent (S) and an optional non-ionic surfactant (C), said agent being characterized in that the content ratio of the phosphate compound (A) to the non-ionic surfactant (C) is within a prescribed range, and by being used in conjunction with a synthetic fiber second processing agent which contains a non-ionic surfactant (E). The phosphate compound (A) contains a prescribed organic phosphate ester compound, and the proton NMR integration ratio attributable to an inorganic phosphate compound during proton NMR measurement when performing an alkali over-neutralization preprocessing is set to a prescribed range. The solvent (S) has a boiling point no higher than 105° C. at atmospheric pressure. The non-ionic surfactant (C) has a (poly)oxyalkylene structure in the molecule thereof.

An aqueous liquid of a carbon fiber precursor treatment agent contains a carbon fiber precursor treatment agent and water, the carbon fiber precursor treatment agent containing an amino-modified silicone and a particular nonionic surfactant having a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from 1.05 to 1.50. The amino-modified silicone may have a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. of 50 to 4,000 mm.sup.2/s. The carbon fiber precursor treatment agent is adhered to a carbon fiber precursor.

A coolant includes a refrigerant, a porous plate-shaped heat insulator, and an enclosure in which the refrigerant and the heat insulator are enclosed in a sealed state, and the heat insulator has a thermal conductivity per unit area of 300 W/(K.Math.m.sup.2) or less and a thickness equal to or greater than 0.5 mm and equal to or less than 10.0 mm.

A launderable bactericidal and virucidal fabric finish formulation. The first component is a bactericidal and virucidal agent represented by formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein n is 7; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are jointly or independently selected from H or one of the following groups:

##STR00002## wherein R.sub.4 is selected from CH.sub.3 or H; m is an integer from 2 to 10; p is an integer from 9 to 15; q is an integer from 2 to 10. A second component includes one or more crosslinkers and/or one or more catalysts. A third component includes one or more transition metal salts.

The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a partial or complete durable non-fluorinated coating on the surface of an article, wherein the coating comprises 5 to 95% by weight of a hydrophobic compound, and 5 to 95% by weight of a surface effect agent, both based on the total solids weight of the coating, where the hydrophobic compound is selected from a hydrophobic cyclic or acyclic alcohol.

The present invention relates to a coated article comprising a partial or complete durable non-fluorinated coating on the surface of an article, wherein the coating comprises 5 to 95% by weight of a hydrophobic compound, and 5 to 95% by weight of a surface effect agent, both based on the total solids weight of the coating, where the hydrophobic compound is selected from a hydrophobic cyclic or acyclic alcohol.

Processes for chemical functionalization of materials are described. The processes generally include chemical reaction between a thiol group of a first compound or material and an alkene group or alkyne group of a second compound or material. Also disclosed are functionalized materials and compounds suitable for functionalizing a material.

Processes for chemical functionalization of materials are described. The processes generally include chemical reaction between a thiol group of a first compound or material and an alkene group or alkyne group of a second compound or material. Also disclosed are functionalized materials and compounds suitable for functionalizing a material.

Cellulosic fibrous materials are described which are impregnated with a bioflavonoid composition, the bioflavonoid content of the composition comprising at least naringin and neohesperidin. The use of such impregnated materials is also described, for example as paper or bamboo towels and cardboard, as well as the process for impregnating the materials.

Cellulosic fibrous materials are described which are impregnated with a bioflavonoid composition, the bioflavonoid content of the composition comprising at least naringin and neohesperidin. The use of such impregnated materials is also described, for example as paper or bamboo towels and cardboard, as well as the process for impregnating the materials.