A synthetic fiber finish includes a lubricant (A), a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group per molecule (B), and an organic sulfonic acid compound (C). The lubricant (A) includes a sulfur-containing ester (A3). The amount of the lubricant (A) ranges from 50 to 90 wt %, the amount of the ester (B) ranges from 1 to 20 wt % and the amount of the sulfur-containing ester (A3) ranges from 5 to 20 wt %, to a nonvolatile component of the finish.

A welding process may be configured to convert a substrate comprised of short staple fibers into a welded substrate having significantly increased strength as compared to the raw substrate. When applied to a one-dimensional substrate, such as a yarn, the welding process may also reduce the diameter of the welded substrate compared to that of the raw substrate. Additionally, the welding process may be configured to impart superior color properties to the welded substrate compared to the color properties of the raw substrate, which superior color properties may be very pronounced when performing a welding process on a raw substrate comprised of colored and/or dyed recycled fibers.

A welding process may be configured to convert a substrate comprised of short staple fibers into a welded substrate having significantly increased strength as compared to the raw substrate. When applied to a one-dimensional substrate, such as a yarn, the welding process may also reduce the diameter of the welded substrate compared to that of the raw substrate. Additionally, the welding process may be configured to impart superior color properties to the welded substrate compared to the color properties of the raw substrate, which superior color properties may be very pronounced when performing a welding process on a raw substrate comprised of colored and/or dyed recycled fibers.

A synthetic fiber finish includes a lubricant (A), a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group per molecule (B), and an organic sulfonic acid compound (C). The lubricant (A) includes a sulfur-containing ester (A3). The amount of the lubricant (A) ranges from 50 to 90 wt %, the amount of the ester (B) ranges from 1 to 20 wt % and the amount of the sulfur-containing ester (A3) ranges from 5 to 20 wt %, to a nonvolatile component of the finish.

A water-based treatment agent of the present invention is a water-based treatment agent for producing a coating of a rubber-reinforcing member. The water-based treatment agent of the present invention includes: a rubber latex; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound A represented by the following formula (1) and a compound B represented by the following formula (2).

##STR00001##

A water-based treatment agent of the present invention is a water-based treatment agent for producing a coating of a rubber-reinforcing member. The water-based treatment agent of the present invention includes: a rubber latex; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound A represented by the following formula (1) and a compound B represented by the following formula (2).

##STR00001##

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a fine cellulose fiber solid body that can be easily dispersed in water or the like. One aspect of the present disclosure is a fine cellulose fiber solid material comprising a fine cellulose fiber and water, wherein the fine cellulose fiber has an average fiber width of 1 nm to 1000 nm, the fine cellulose fiber has a sulfate ester group represented by the following general formula (1), wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, Mn+ is an n-valent cation, and a wavy line is a bonding site to another atom, the fine cellulose fiber has an amount of sulfur introduced due to the sulfate ester group of 0.3 mmol/g or more and 3.0 mmol/g or less, the solid material has a moisture content of 50% by mass or less and the solid material has a specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more.

##STR00001##

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a fine cellulose fiber solid body that can be easily dispersed in water or the like. One aspect of the present disclosure is a fine cellulose fiber solid material comprising a fine cellulose fiber and water, wherein the fine cellulose fiber has an average fiber width of 1 nm to 1000 nm, the fine cellulose fiber has a sulfate ester group represented by the following general formula (1), wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, Mn+ is an n-valent cation, and a wavy line is a bonding site to another atom, the fine cellulose fiber has an amount of sulfur introduced due to the sulfate ester group of 0.3 mmol/g or more and 3.0 mmol/g or less, the solid material has a moisture content of 50% by mass or less and the solid material has a specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more.

##STR00001##

A surfactant treatment is provided that can result in a sterilization wrap that can have a bacterial filtration efficiency of at least 94 percent as determined according to ASTM F2101. The surfactant treatment includes a surfactant consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Wrapping packs in a wrap treated with said surfactant treatment in an amount ranging from greater than 0 to 2 weight percent based on the dry weight of the wrap results in the production of fewer wet packs after steam sterilization compared to when packs are wrapped with an identical wrap without said surfactant treatment. A sterilization wrap comprising a nonwoven fabric and a dried residue surfactant treatment that is essentially free of silicon, potassium, phosphorus, and sulfur is also provided, where wrapping packs to be sterilized in the surfactant treated wrap reduces the occurrence of wet packs after steam sterilization compared using an untreated wrap.

A method of reversible swelling and collapsing of the latent pores of natural fiber welded biopolymer by way of sequential solvent treatment to i) regenerate mesoporous biopolymeric structures, comprising the steps of providing a nonporous natural fiber welded biopolymer composite, submerging the nonporous composite in polar solvent, exchanging submersion solvents, typically starting from a solvent of polar identity and ending with a solvent of nonpolar identity, then removing the solvent; and ii) regenerate nonporous biopolymeric structures, comprising the steps of providing a mesoporous natural fiber welded biopolymer composite, submerging the mesoporous composite in polar solvent, then removing the solvent. A mesoporous biopolymeric structure wherein the NFW nonporous composite expresses a BET surface area change of <5 m.sup.2 g.sup.1 to >40 m.sup.2 g.sup.1. A nonporous biopolymeric structure wherein the NFW mesoporous composite expresses a BET surface area change of >40 m.sup.2 g.sup.1 to <5 m.sup.2 g.sup.1.