A water- and oil-repellent agent contains cellulose nanofibers, a compound having at least one functional group of an oxazoline group, a carbodiimide group, an epoxy group and an isocyanate group, as a crosslinking agent, and a perfluoroalkyl compound.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing precursor yarn comprising lignin, which may be further processed into intermediate carbon fibers and finally also carbon fibers. It also relates to carbon fibers and uses of said fibers. Said method involves applying a water-free spin finish.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing precursor yarn comprising lignin, which may be further processed into intermediate carbon fibers and finally also carbon fibers. It also relates to carbon fibers and uses of said fibers. Said method involves applying a water-free spin finish.

A heat insulation material is provided that is produced by drying a fibrous matrix impregnated with a solution of pseudo-peptides of formula (I), wherein: R is a side-chain of a natural or synthetic amino acid, R1 is either a linear or branched (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl group, or a linear or branched (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alcoxy group, or an aryl group, or an aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl group, or an aryloxy group, or a saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, n=1 or 2, and A is an aromatic or heteroaromatic group with at least one cycle.

A heat insulation material is provided that is produced by drying a fibrous matrix impregnated with a solution of pseudo-peptides of formula (I), wherein: R is a side-chain of a natural or synthetic amino acid, R1 is either a linear or branched (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl group, or a linear or branched (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alcoxy group, or an aryl group, or an aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl group, or an aryloxy group, or a saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, n=1 or 2, and A is an aromatic or heteroaromatic group with at least one cycle.

Disclosure of functionalized ionic liquids. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as solvent for carbon dioxide. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as flame retardant. Use of disclosed ionic liquids for coating fabric to obtain flame retardant fabric.

Through use of this water-/oil-repellent agent including a modified heterocyclic compound having a heterocycle and a C1-40 hydrocarbon group, adequate oil-resistance can be imparted to a substrate. The heterocycle is preferably a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. The hydrocarbon group is preferably an octyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a lauryl group, a tridecyl group, a myristyl group, a palmityl group, a cetyl group, an isopalmityl group, a stearyl group, or a behenyl group. The heterocycle is preferably pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyridine, diazine, triazine, oxazole, or oxadiazole.

Disclosed is a method for producing a sizing agent-coated carbon fibers, wherein at least one kind of sizing agent that is selected from the group consisting of sizing agents (a), (b) and (c) is used for coating, in each of the sizing agents a bi- or higher functional epoxy compound (A1) and/or an epoxy compound (A2) being used as a component (A), and the epoxy compound (A2) having a mono- or higher functional epoxy group and at least one functional group that is selected from among a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group and a sulfo group. The sizing agent is applied to carbon fibers and the resulting is subjected to a heat treatment within the temperature range of 160-260 C. for 30-600 seconds.

Disclosed is a method for producing a sizing agent-coated carbon fibers, wherein at least one kind of sizing agent that is selected from the group consisting of sizing agents (a), (b) and (c) is used for coating, in each of the sizing agents a bi- or higher functional epoxy compound (A1) and/or an epoxy compound (A2) being used as a component (A), and the epoxy compound (A2) having a mono- or higher functional epoxy group and at least one functional group that is selected from among a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group and a sulfo group. The sizing agent is applied to carbon fibers and the resulting is subjected to a heat treatment within the temperature range of 160-260 C. for 30-600 seconds.

Disclosure of functionalized ionic liquids. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as solvent for carbon dioxide. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as flame retardant. Use of disclosed ionic liquids for coating fabric to obtain flame retardant fabric.