A method includes coating a substrate to provide a flame resistant substrate. In an embodiment, the method includes exposing the substrate to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer deposited on the substrate. The cationic solution comprises cationic materials. The cationic materials comprise a polymer, a colloidal particle, a nanoparticle, a nitrogen-rich molecule, a geopolymer, a carbon-based filler, or any combinations thereof. The method also includes agitating the substrate. The method further includes exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer deposited on the cationic layer to produce a layer comprising the anionic layer and the cationic layer. The anionic solution comprises a layerable material.

A method includes coating a substrate to provide a flame resistant substrate. In an embodiment, the method includes exposing the substrate to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer deposited on the substrate. The cationic solution comprises cationic materials. The cationic materials comprise a polymer, a colloidal particle, a nanoparticle, a nitrogen-rich molecule, a geopolymer, a carbon-based filler, or any combinations thereof. The method also includes agitating the substrate. The method further includes exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer deposited on the cationic layer to produce a layer comprising the anionic layer and the cationic layer. The anionic solution comprises a layerable material.

The present disclosure relates to a flame retardant (FR) treated fabric, comprising yarns formed from a mixture of natural and/or synthetic fibres, the fabric further comprising FR treated lyocell fibres, wherein the FR treatment is a non-cellulose-reactive FR treatment and the FR treated lyocell fibres are rendered low-fibrillating e.g. whereby at least some of the hydroxyl groups are cross-linked with a reactant resin.

The present invention relates to a flame-retarding agent comprising a phosphoramidate compound represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkyl, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkylene, R.sub.13 is C.sub.1-6 alkylene, B.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and A is hydrogen or an organic group represented by Formula (Ia): ##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkyl, R.sub.14 and R.sub.15 are each independently C.sub.1-3 alkylene, and B.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
wherein when B.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and A is hydrogen, B.sub.1 and R.sub.13-A, taken together with nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and
wherein when B.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, A is an organic group represented by Formula (Ia), and B.sub.2 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, B.sub.1 and B.sub.2, taken together with nitrogen to which they are attached and with R.sub.13, may form a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle.

The present invention teaches an antimony free brominated flame retardant composition, comprising a brominated flame retardant, an organic phosphorus-containing flame retardant which is an organic phosphate that is either an amorphous solid or a liquid, and a flame retardant which is a source of nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus, this source being amorphous compound. The invention further teaches textile coating formulations comprising these compositions, a process for applying them on textile fabrics, and the flame retarded fabrics coated by these compositions and formulations.

Embodiments of the present invention use melamine-based resins as a pretreatment on fabrics and fabric blends in combination with phosphorus-based flame retardants to improve flame retardant performance, durability, and further promote char formation in a combustion zone of the fabric.

Embodiments of the present invention use melamine-based resins as a pretreatment on fabrics and fabric blends in combination with phosphorus-based flame retardants to improve flame retardant performance, durability, and further promote char formation in a combustion zone of the fabric.

A method includes coating a substrate to provide a flame resistant substrate. In an embodiment, the method includes exposing the substrate to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer deposited on the substrate. The cationic solution comprises cationic materials. The cationic materials comprise a polymer, a colloidal particle, a nanoparticle, a nitrogen-rich molecule, a geopolymer, a carbon-based filler, or any combinations thereof. The method also includes agitating the substrate. The method further includes exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer deposited on the cationic layer to produce a layer comprising the anionic layer and the cationic layer. The anionic solution comprises a layerable material.

A liquid flame retardant composition is in the form of an admixture which includes a phosphate-based flame retardant, ammonium hydroxide and zinc borate. The invention extends to a method of providing a phosphate-based liquid flame retardant composition, to the use of a phosphate-based flame retardant, ammonium hydroxide and a zinc borate in the manufacture of a liquid flame retardant composition, to a cellulosic material treated with the liquid flame retardant composition and to a method of inhibiting strength loss in a cellulosic material when the cellulosic material is exposed to heat.

A liquid flame retardant composition is in the form of an admixture which includes a phosphate-based flame retardant, ammonium hydroxide and zinc borate. The invention extends to a method of providing a phosphate-based liquid flame retardant composition, to the use of a phosphate-based flame retardant, ammonium hydroxide and a zinc borate in the manufacture of a liquid flame retardant composition, to a cellulosic material treated with the liquid flame retardant composition and to a method of inhibiting strength loss in a cellulosic material when the cellulosic material is exposed to heat.