Disclosed is a grain-finished leather-like sheet including: a fiber base material; a polyurethane intermediate layer stacked on the fiber base material; and a polyurethane skin film stacked directly on the polyurethane intermediate layer or via another polyurethane layer, wherein the polyurethane skin film contains a silicone-modified polyurethane, and the grain-finished leather-like sheet has an uneven surface whose skewness (Ssk), kurtosis (Sku), and maximum height (Sz) of surface roughness in accordance with ISO 25178 respectively satisfy −0.4≤Ssk≤−0.2, 3≤Sku≤4, 60 μm≤Sz≤150 μm.

The invention relates to a multilayered composite film made of plastic and in the form of a surface coating for an article, wherein the composite film is at least partly transparent, i.e. is transparent in partial regions, has at least one outer transparent top layer which is optionally provided with a transparent coating, and has, on the rear side of the top layer, one or more further transparent plastic layers and also a transparent carrier layer, wherein arranged inside the layer composite is an opaque layer which is in the form of a sheet-like masking or diaphragm provided with openings and is transparent only in the openings of the masking or diaphragm, wherein the opaque layer adjoins the rear side of the top layer in the direction of the carrier layer, wherein the base material of the opaque layer is the same as that of the top layer.

A method is designed to prepare foamed, opacifying elements each having a target light blocking value (LBV.sub.T) of at least 3, using a textile fabric substrate with a light blocking value (LBV.sub.S). The LBV.sub.T-S difference is calculated; a foamable aqueous composition is chosen; a dry coating weight for the foamable aqueous composition (when foamed) is determined to form a single dry opacifying layer that is foamed, dried, and densified to provide a dry thickness at least 20% less than the original dry thickness. The single dry opacifying layer a has light blocking value that is equal to LBV.sub.T-S, ±15%. The desired foamable aqueous composition can be chosen from a set of similar compositions to achieve the desired LBV.sub.T with the noted textile fabric substrate using suitable mathematical formula relating dry coating weight to light blocking value and a suitable data processor.

Provided is an artificial leather, which exhibits light transmitting properties and maintains its texture and touch while being dark-colored and having a medium or higher density, the artificial leather including a fiber entangled body formed of ultrafine fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 0.1 to μm; and an elastomer, in which the artificial leather has a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm and a weight per unit area of 80 to 450 g/m.sup.2, where one surface of the artificial leather is a design surface colored with a dye and/or a pigment and satisfies the following Formulas (1) to (3):

L*.sub.1≤55 . . .   (1)

L.sub.0>50 . . .   (2)

ΔL* <−5 . . .   (3)

where L*.sub.1, L*.sub.0 and ΔL* are as defined.

Disclosed are a soft solvent-free flame-retardant polyurethane synthetic leather and a preparation method therefor. The soft solvent-free flame-retardant polyurethane synthetic leather comprises an antifouling layer, a surface layer, an intermediate layer, a bonding layer and a base cloth in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the bonding layer is prepared from component A and an isocyanate; the molar ratio of —NCO in the isocyanate to —OH in the component A is 0.85-0.93; and the component A is composed of a polyhydric alcohol, an inhibition-type catalyst, a flame retardant, a filler and a viscosity modifier in parts by weight.

Laminate precursors are prepared by applying an aqueous foamed opacifying composition to a non-woven fabric, drying, optionally applying an anti-blocking material to the dried aqueous foamed opacifying composition, and densifying the dry foamed opacifying layer so that it will have a thickness that is at least 20% less than its thickness before densifying. Each laminate precursor is rolled up for immediate or later use to make laminate decorative articles when the unrolled laminate precursor is laminated with back side of a decorative fabric. The applied aqueous foamed opacifying composition has 35%-70% solids and a foam density of 0.1-0.5 g/cm.sup.3. It is composed of (a) porous particles, (b) a binder material, (c) two or more additives comprising at least one foaming surfactant and at least one foam stabilizer, (d) an aqueous medium, and (e) an opacifying colorant that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of 380-800 nm.

The invention relates to a multilayered composite film made of plastic and in the form of a surface coating for an article, wherein the composite film is at least partly transparent, i.e. is transparent in partial regions, has at least one outer transparent top layer which is optionally provided with a transparent coating, and has, on the rear side of the top layer, one or more further transparent plastic layers and also a transparent carrier layer, wherein arranged inside the layer composite is an opaque layer which is in the form of a sheet-like masking or diaphragm provided with openings and is transparent only in the openings of the masking or diaphragm, wherein the opaque layer adjoins the rear side of the top layer in the direction of the carrier layer, wherein the base material of the opaque layer is the same as that of the top layer.

The present disclosure relates to a breathable layered flexible material comprising at least one polyvinyl chloride (PVC) porous layer or a plurality of PVC porous layers and a support layer. The the pores of the PVC porous layer or plurality of PVC porous layers are obtainable by water evaporation of a water-in-oil PVC emulsion. The pores extend from the PVC layer to the support layer providing the material breathability. The disclosure also relates to a method for preparing the breathable layered flexible material. Upholsteries, in particular car upholsteries, comprising the breathable layered flexible material are also disclosed.

A napped artificial leather includes: a fiber-entangled body obtained by entangling ultrafine fibers: and an elastic polymer impregnated into the fiber-entangled body. The napped artificial leather has, on at least one side thereof, a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers. The ultrafine fibers contain 0.2 to 8 mass% of carbon black and 0.1 to 5 mass% of a chromatic pigment, and a total ratio of the carbon black and the chromatic pigment is 0.3 to 10 mass%. A content ratio of the elastic polymer is 0.1 to 15 mass% in the napped artificial leather. The elastic polymer is uncolored and the ultrafine fibers are undyed.

The present invention relates to artificial leather and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to artificial leather for automobile seat covers, the artificial leather having a texture similar to that of natural leather, having a soft feel like natural leather, and having excellent peel strength and a method of manufacturing the artificial leather.