Methods for reaction electrospinning are provided to form collagen fibers. The method can include: acidifying a collagen in an acidic solvent to form an acidic collagen solution; electrospinning the acidic collagen solution within an alkaline atmosphere (e.g., including ammonia vapor) to form collagen fibers; and collecting the collagen fibers within a salt bath (e.g., including ammonium sulfate). The acidic solvent can include water and an alcohol, and can have a pH of about 2 to about 4 (e.g., including a strong acid, such as HCl). An albumin rubber is also provided, which can include albumin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde.

A tubular woven fabric is useful as a transport hose for a fluid or a powder, as a protective hose for linear bodies such as wires, cables and conduits, as a tubular filter, or as a base material of a vascular prosthesis. The tubular woven fabric includes warp yarns and weft yarns interwoven with each other, the tubular woven fabric having an outer diameter with a variation of within 10% along the warp direction and satisfying the formula:
(L2−L1)/L1≤0.1.

The present disclosure relates to compositions, apparatus and methods for generating one or more scaffolds, including: mixing a hydrogel material and/or an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in an aqueous solvent to generate an aqueous process solution; and cryoelectrospinning the aqueous process solution onto a plurality of conductive probes extending from a conductive surface of a collector plate disposed within a process chamber under conditions sufficient to generate one or more scaffolds configured to mimic a preselected soft tissue decellularized extracellular matrix. Scaffold compositions are also provided having preselected or tuned characteristics.

The present invention relates to a process for the surface treatment of poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) comprising the following steps: Providing an article comprising one or more poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs); contacting at least one portion of the surface of the article containing one or more poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with an aldehyde,
wherein the aldehyde reacts with the poly(aryl ether ketone)(s) (PAEKs) on the at least one portion of the surface of the article to form a hydroxyalkyl and/or hydroxyaryl group,
a process for functionalizing surface-treated poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) comprising the steps of: a) Treating at least one portion of the surface of an article containing one or more poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with the surface treatment process for poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) described herein; b) Coating the treated at least one portion of the surface of the article with a composition comprising a chemical compound having chemical groups capable of forming a covalent bond with hydroxyalkyl and/or hydroxyaryl groups formed on the surface of the article,
an article comprising one or more poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) and a coating on at least one surface of the article, wherein on the coated at least one portion of the surface of the article the poly(aryl ether ketone)(s) (PAEKs) contains hydroxyalkyl and/or hydroxyaryl groups; and at least one portion of the hydroxyalkyl and/or hydroxyaryl groups of the poly(aryl ether ketone)(s) (PAEKs) has formed covalent bonds with chemical groups of at least one chemical compound in the coating, and
the use of the article of the invention as described herein as a medical device and/or biotechnological applications, preferably as an implant, scaffold structure for in vitro applications and/or scaffold structure for cell culture applications.

A fabric and a leather product in which collagen fiber bundles form a network structure has a base yarn woven layer, and also has collagen fiber bundles. The collagen fiber bundles sheathed in the base yarn woven layer protrude on the surface of the base yarn woven layer, and the protruding collagen fiber bundles and their branches are interwoven to form a network structure, where a part of the branches in the collagen fiber bundle is sheathed on the base yarn so that at least one end of the branch protrudes from the base yarn braided layer. Leather products may include these fabrics and leather surface layers.

A fabric and a leather product in which collagen fiber bundles form a network structure has a base yarn woven layer, and also has collagen fiber bundles. The collagen fiber bundles sheathed in the base yarn woven layer protrude on the surface of the base yarn woven layer, and the protruding collagen fiber bundles and their branches are interwoven to form a network structure, where a part of the branches in the collagen fiber bundle is sheathed on the base yarn so that at least one end of the branch protrudes from the base yarn braided layer. Leather products may include these fabrics and leather surface layers.

This invention describes a modified electrospinning method for making uniformly patterned and porous nanofibrous scaffolds that can be utilized in a variety of applications. While traditional electrospinning method uses a foil collector that generates compact layers of nanofibrous structures, resulting on the superficial cell growth and differentiation, the present method comprises adopting additional patterned film(s) on top of the conventional collector to make a patterned porous structure of nanofibrous scaffolds that are capable of supporting cell growth. For example, the method uses a double layered collector composed of a water soluble stabilizer film mounted on a foil to make a uniformly patterned and porous nanofibrous membrane sheets, which enhance both cell growth and attachment.

A process for producing a polymer strand involves: inserting a nucleation element into a pre-strand composition, the pre-strand composition comprising a polymer mixed with a solvent, the polymer having a concentration in the pre-strand composition that is greater than or equal to an overlap concentration (c*) of the polymer in the pre-strand composition; and, withdrawing the nucleation element from the pre-strand composition so that a strand comprising the polymer is pulled by the nucleation element from the pre-strand composition, the nucleation element being withdrawn at a rate such that a pull time (τ.sub.pull) of the nucleation element is less than reptation time (τ.sub.rep) required to relax polymer entanglements in the pre-strand composition, thereby inducing a viscoelastic response in the pre-strand composition as the strand is pulled by the nucleation element from the pre-strand composition.

A method of forming a substrate includes mapping a three dimensional spatial distribution of at least one structural protein fiber of extracellular matrix of biological material of interest, designing a fiber assembly pattern based on an intrinsic pattern of the at least one structural protein fiber of the extracellular matrix of the biological material, and assembling fibers based on the fiber assembly pattern to form the substrate.

An animal leather fiber bundle, yarn, core-spun yarn and products with nanoscale branches is disclosed. The animal leather fiber bundle with nanoscale branches has an animal leather fiber body, which is a spinnable animal leather fiber body. The animal leather fiber body has nanoscale branches, the yarn is formed of animal leather fiber bundles with nanoscale branches, the core-spun yarn has a core yarn and a skin layer, the skin layer has animal leather fiber bundles with nanoscale branches, and the product is made of any one of the above. The disclosed structure has independent and separated nanoscale branches.