An object is to identify endoglucanase and -glucosidase genes by isolating genomic DNA containing cellulase genes, which are classified into endoglucanases or -glucosidases, from Acremonium cellulolyticus, and sequencing the nucleotide sequences thereof. The inventors intensively compared the amino acid sequences of known endoglucanases and -glucosidases with each other to find conserved region of amino acid sequences in Acremonium cellulolyticus, and various primers were designed based on the information. PCR was carried out using the various primers thus designed and genomic DNA or cDNA as a template. As a result, gene fragments of endoglucanases and -glucosidases were obtained. Primers were designed based on the gene fragments, and PCR was carried out to amplify nine genes of endoglucanases and -glucosidases. The nucleotide sequences thereof were sequenced, and the present invention was completed.

A process for the deinking of a coated paper or paperboard is disclosed, the process comprises a step of providing a coating layer comprising a calcium- or magnesium-exchanged clay which is deposited on the paper or paperboard before the ink layer. In a further step said calcium- or magnesium-exchanged clay is activated and the paper is subsequently treated with water.

An object is to identify endoglucanase and -glucosidase genes by isolating genomic DNA containing cellulase genes, which are classified into endoglucanases or -glucosidases, from Acremonium cellulolyticus, and sequencing the nucleotide sequences thereof. The inventors intensively compared the amino acid sequences of known endoglucanases and -glucosidases with each other to find conserved region of amino acid sequences in Acremonium cellulolyticus, and various primers were designed based on the information. PCR was carried out using the various primers thus designed and genomic DNA or cDNA as a template. As a result, gene fragments of endoglucanases and -glucosidases were obtained. Primers were designed based on the gene fragments, and PCR was carried out to amplify nine genes of endoglucanases and -glucosidases. The nucleotide sequences thereof were sequenced, and the present invention was completed.

A novel composition for decolorizing a dye is provided.

A composition for decolorizing a dye contains a multicopper oxidase and an iodide ion.

In vertical concentrating washing machines, processed raw material is transported upward but ends up containing shower water. That is, the moisture content ends up increasing during the transport process even though the material has been dewatered. A transport blade (8) has a plate-like shape in plan view and includes a fan-shaped portion (10) that extends rearward in the rotational direction, developing into a fan shape, and the transport blade is attached such that a plate surface thereof has a slanted orientation with respect to the axis direction of a rotary shaft (6), with a forward side, in the rotational direction, of the plate surface being disposed lower than a rearward side thereof. A plurality of the transport blades (8) is attached so as to delineate a helix along the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft (6) while leaving a communicating portion that is straight in the vertical direction. Shower water falls from gaps (S) between the transport blade (8). The transport blades (8) have a fan shape that widens toward the inner wall side of the rotary drum (5). A surface area on which the material rests stably and a sufficient gap (S) are secured in a well-balanced fashion.

The present invention relates to an improved process for producing chemical cellulose pulp wherein biopolymers are added immediately before, during or after a bleaching step, depending on pulp characteristics and on process conditions used. The biopolymers according to the present invention are starches chemically modified by an etherification reaction. This treatment results in a differentiated pulp having improved physical, chemical and mechanical properties when compared with cellulose pulps obtained by traditional processes. The use of said biopolymer alters the relations between important pulp properties rendering their application in papermaking process advantageous. This differentiation increases the possibilities of use and also of new applications, including for the substitution of pulps produced from other cellulose sources. Thus, the present invention also relates to methods of making paper, such as printing, writing, decorative, special or tissue-type papers, through the use of the cellulose pulps modified by the above process.

A paper recycling method includes defibrating first paper by dry type crushing into defibrated material, transporting the defibrated material using a first transport unit, deinking by an air flow classification of the defibrated material after the transporting by the first transport unit, transporting using the second transport unit the defibrated material after the deinking by the classifying process, and forming second paper with the defibrated material after the transporting by the second transport unit.

The present invention relates to an improved process for producing chemical cellulose pulp wherein biopolymers are added immediately before, during or after a bleaching step, depending on pulp characteristics and on process conditions used. The biopolymers according to the present invention are starches chemically modified by an etherification reaction. This treatment results in a differentiated pulp having improved physical, chemical and mechanical properties when compared with cellulose pulps obtained by traditional processes. The use of said biopolymer alters the relations between important pulp properties rendering their application in papermaking process advantageous. This differentiation increases the possibilities of use and also of new applications, including for the substitution of pulps produced from other cellulose sources. Thus, the present invention also relates to methods of making paper, such as printing, writing, decorative, special or tissue-type papers, through the use of the cellulose pulps modified by the above process.

The present invention relates to an improved process for producing chemical cellulose pulp wherein biopolymers are added immediately before, during or after a bleaching step, depending on pulp characteristics and on process conditions used. The biopolymers according to the present invention are starches chemically modified by an etherification reaction. This treatment results in a differentiated pulp having improved physical, chemical and mechanical properties when compared with cellulose pulps obtained by traditional processes. The use of said biopolymer alters the relations between important pulp properties rendering their application in papermaking process advantageous. This differentiation increases the possibilities of use and also of new applications, including for the substitution of pulps produced from other cellulose sources. Thus, the present invention also relates to methods of making paper, such as printing, writing, decorative, special or tissue-type papers, through the use of the cellulose pulps modified by the above process.

A paper recycling method includes defibrating first paper by dry type crushing into defibrated material, transporting the defibrated material using a first transport unit, deinking by an air flow classification of the defibrated material after the transporting by the first transport unit, transporting using the second transport unit the defibrated material after the deinking by the classifying process, and forming second paper with the defibrated material after the transporting by the second transport unit.