The present invention relates to a process to produce highly microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The invention also refers to a microfibrillated/nanofibrillated cellulose produced according to such process. The microfib-rillated/nanofibrillated cellulose is obtained by subjecting a cellulose fiber in a slurry of cellulose pulp to multiple mechanical impacts. The cycle may be repeated several times. Non-cutting bars disposed in a ring formation is the preferred configuration. At least two rings concentrically arranged facing each other in high rotation transmit the kinetic energy to the fibers to provide the highly defibrillated microfibrillated/nanofibrillated cellulose.

Conical inlet refiner elements for a mechanical refiner include: a conical stator element disposed between a feedstock inlet to the mechanical refiner and primary refining plates of the mechanical refiner; and a conical rotor element disposed between the feedstock inlet to the mechanical refiner and the primary refining plates, the conical rotor element configured to form an initial refining gap with the conical stator element. The conical stator element and the conical rotor element are configured to cause a radial change greater than zero but less than 90 degrees in a direction of an axial feedstock flow path through the initial refining gap at a feedstock inlet to a primary refining gap formed between the primary refining plates, where the primary refining gap formed between the primary refining plates lies in a plane that is approximately perpendicular to the axial feedstock flow path.

A deflaker plate for a deflaker machine may include a substrate and a plurality of teeth extending from the substrate, wherein a specified number of teeth of the plurality of teeth have a serrated face.

A deflaker plate for a deflaker machine may include a substrate and a plurality of teeth extending from the substrate, wherein a specified number of teeth of the plurality of teeth have a serrated face.

A disperser apparatus includes: a first disperser assembly configured to rotate around an axis; and a second disperser assembly facing the first disperser assembly. The first and second disperser assemblies each have a plurality of disperser-refiner plate segments annularly arranged. Each of the disperser-refiner plate segments includes a substrate having teeth extending from the substrate and arranged in rows disposed at radial intervals defining a dispersion section. Each tooth has a tooth height; and walls; and edges at junctions of adjacent walls. Each of the disperser-refiner plate segments further includes a refining section of refiner bars extending from the substrate, wherein adjacent refiner bars and the substrate define a groove between the adjacent refiner bars; and a plurality transition bars disposed between radially outermost teeth and the refining section.

The problem of increased energy usage in refiners over the working life of a refining assembly is mitigated by the use of a refiner plate segment having a refiner side and a back side distally disposed from the refiner side, refiner bars engaged to a substrate of the refiner side, wherein the refiner bars have a refiner bar height, and wherein adjacent refiner bars and the substrate define grooves between the adjacent bars, and protrusions disposed in the grooves, wherein the protrusions have a protrusion height, wherein the protrusion height is 30% or less of the refiner bar height.

A refiner segment (101; 201) for use in a refiner disc (30; 30*) of a refiner (100) for refining of lignocellulosic material, said refiner segment (1) having an active surface comprising a plurality of bars (10) which are extending over the active surface (2) towards an outer periphery (18b) of the refiner segment, wherein at least three of the bars (10) comprises a last-box fluid connection (21) which is a fluid connection provided through the bar (10) for connecting a last box (23a) on one side of this bar with a last box (23a) on the other side of this bar (10) such that a pressure can be equalized between these two last boxes (23a) via the last-box fluid connection (21), wherein said last-box fluid connection (21) is provided in the bar (10) at a distance between 0.0-15.0 mm from the closest last dam (11a) which is extending from this bar (10) to another adjacent bar (10).

A set for mechanical processing suspended fibrous material includes a die plate having receiving openings in a predefined arrangement for insertion of blade-shaped processing elements which jut out on a process side and are flowed onto by the fibrous material. The blade-shaped processing elements have each a plurality of foot regions in longitudinally spaced-apart relation, which pass through the die plate and jut out from the die plate on a process-distal. At least some of the foot regions of the processing elements reach into associated receiving grooves of a base plate on the process-distal side. As an alternative, transverse stiffening elements are arranged substantially orthogonally in the longitudinal direction of the processing elements such that the transverse stiffening elements stabilize the foot regions of the processing elements on the process-distal side.

A set for mechanical processing suspended fibrous material includes a die plate having receiving openings in a predefined arrangement for insertion of blade-shaped processing elements which jut out on a process side and are flowed onto by the fibrous material. The blade-shaped processing elements have each a plurality of foot regions in longitudinally spaced-apart relation, which pass through the die plate and jut out from the die plate on a process-distal. At least some of the foot regions of the processing elements reach into associated receiving grooves of a base plate on the process-distal side. As an alternative, transverse stiffening elements are arranged substantially orthogonally in the longitudinal direction of the processing elements such that the transverse stiffening elements stabilize the foot regions of the processing elements on the process-distal side.

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for reducing the size of fiber composite materials, characterized in that means (6) for mechanically abrading an embedding matrix from fibers is provided, the mechanical abrasion of the embedding matrix from the fibers being performed using a rotational movement. In the method of the invention, an embedding matrix is mechanically abraded from the fibers by the means (6) using a rotational movement of the means (6) that are put in place.