Provided herein is a process for treating dregs for the application thereof as vulcanization activator of rubbers, putting an end to this residue generated in the cellulose industry and providing vulcanized rubbers with similar or enhanced properties in relation to those already known. The process for treating dregs includes the steps of: (a) drying the dregs; and (b) micronization of the dry dregs to an average particle size (d50) from 2 to 45 micrometers. Further provided herein are treated dregs, a use of treated dregs as vulcanization activator, and a process for vulcanizing rubber and the vulcanized rubber.

The invention relates to a method for treating biomass (1). In a step (S10) of the method, the biomass (1) and an amount of water (2) is fed into a first reactor unit (10) such that the biomass (1) is impregnated using the amount of water (2) while the biomass (1) is transferred through the first reactor unit (10) by a conveyor means (11). In another step (S20), the impregnated biomass (22) is transferred from the first reactor unit (10) to a separation unit (20) in which at least a part (21) of the amount of water (2) used for impregnation can be separated from the impregnated biomass (22). In another step (S30), the impregnated biomass (22) is transferred from the separation unit (20) into a second reactor unit (30) in which the impregnated biomass (22) is subjected to a predetermined pressure (S30). The invention further relates to the use of the method for treating non-wood material as well as to a device for treating biomass (1).

A refining segment (4, 8) for refining fibrous material, and a refining segment (4, 8) for a refiner (1) for refining fibrous material is formed by arranging at least one set of profiled wires (22) next to each other and substantially immovable with respect to each other, wherein a width (Wa) of a bottom (22a) of the profiled wire (22) is different from a width (Wb) of a top (22b) of the profiled wire (22), to form at least one refining bar element (24), and fastening the at least one refining bar element (24) onto a back plate (19), wherein said back plate forms a body of the refining segment (4, 8), by applying at least one solidifying substance (25) between the at least one refining bar element (24) and the back plate (19).

A refining segment (4, 8) for refining fibrous material, and a refining segment (4, 8) for a refiner (1) for refining fibrous material is formed by arranging at least one set of profiled wires (22) next to each other and substantially immovable with respect to each other, wherein a width (Wa) of a bottom (22a) of the profiled wire (22) is different from a width (Wb) of a top (22b) of the profiled wire (22), to form at least one refining bar element (24), and fastening the at least one refining bar element (24) onto a back plate (19), wherein said back plate forms a body of the refining segment (4, 8), by applying at least one solidifying substance (25) between the at least one refining bar element (24) and the back plate (19).

A device and method for counter collision treatment. The device includes: first and second nozzle means oppositely disposed so as to inject jets of a highly pressurized fluid into a body protective ring; the injection directions of the first and second nozzle means are determined so as to intersect with an angle at one point located in front of the nozzle orifices thereof. Further, the jets from the first and second nozzle means are caused to collide with each other to thereby effect homogenization of the fluid by impact-fragmentation. Yet further, one of the first and second nozzle means is provided with a turning mechanism for enabling the nozzle to turn around the fixed injection direction as the axis of the turn while keeping the injection direction unchanged.

A device and method for treating fibres of a mixture of substances containing fibres, wherein the device comprises at least one outlet element for the passage of the mixture of substances containing fibres comprising an outlet opening and at least one first refining surface arranged around the outlet opening in a circumferential direction, as well as at least one feeding device for positioning the outlet element, and wherein a moveable handling body having a second refining surface is arranged opposite the at least one outlet element for handling the mixture of substances containing fibres, wherein, with the passage of the mixture of substances containing fibres through the outlet element, a gap-type handling area is formed between the first refining surface of the outlet element and a sub-surface of the second refining surface of the moveable handling body applied with the mixture of substances.

A device and method for treating fibres of a mixture of substances containing fibres, wherein the device comprises at least one outlet element for the passage of the mixture of substances containing fibres comprising an outlet opening and at least one first refining surface arranged around the outlet opening in a circumferential direction, as well as at least one feeding device for positioning the outlet element, and wherein a moveable handling body having a second refining surface is arranged opposite the at least one outlet element for handling the mixture of substances containing fibres, wherein, with the passage of the mixture of substances containing fibres through the outlet element, a gap-type handling area is formed between the first refining surface of the outlet element and a sub-surface of the second refining surface of the moveable handling body applied with the mixture of substances.

The present invention relates to a method for processing grass or hay as paper pulp having the steps of pre-reducing the grass or hay with a bale breaker and/or a shredder to an average fiber length between 500 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 120 mm and 10 mm, removing impurities and foreign or extraneous substances by means of a cyclone; reducing and fibrillating the grass or hay in a fiber mill, fraying the grass or hay; and screening and/or sifting the grass or hay by means of a circulating-air separator and/or a cyclone screener.

The present invention relates to a method for processing grass or hay as paper pulp having the steps of pre-reducing the grass or hay with a bale breaker and/or a shredder to an average fiber length between 500 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 120 mm and 10 mm, removing impurities and foreign or extraneous substances by means of a cyclone; reducing and fibrillating the grass or hay in a fiber mill, fraying the grass or hay; and screening and/or sifting the grass or hay by means of a circulating-air separator and/or a cyclone screener.

A method of making a paper product can comprise making one or more sheets at least by, for each of the sheet(s), forming a web from one or more furnishes that comprise fibers dispersed in water. The fibers of the furnish(es) can comprise a plurality of first fibers that are hardwood fibers and a plurality of second fibers that include softwood fibers and surface enhanced pulp fibers (SEPF), the SEPF having a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.20 mm. The method can comprise at least partially dewatering the web to form the sheet. The sheet(s) can be laminated and/or embossed such that a total dry tensile strength of the paper product is less than or equal to 90% of the sum of the total dry tensile strength(s) of the sheet(s).