A method is provided for producing a green paper for producing a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for a fuel cell. A use is described of an accordingly produced gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a fuel cell. A first paper web is loaded with metal powder and/or metal fibers, and a microporous layer (MPL) is in the form of at least one coating is applied onto the paper web. The paper web is then subjected to a binder removal process, a sintering process, a coating process, atomic layer deposition (ALD) using thermal ALD methods, and optionally additional process steps in order to obtain the final GDL. After the sintering process, all of the organic components of the green paper are pyrolyzed and thus no longer contained in the GDL, and the GDL consists virtually exclusively of a metal framework.

A method for creping paper includes applying an adhesive composition to an outer surface of a creping cylinder (Yankee cylinder) to form an adhesive coating, contacting paper with the adhesive coating, removing the paper and adhesive coating from the creping cylinder, and determining a quality of the adhesive coating. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may include measuring a degree of cross-linking of the adhesive polymer, a concentration of the adhesive polymer in the adhesive coating, a water content of the adhesive coating, an ash content of the adhesive coating, or combinations thereof. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may also include determining a thickness of the adhesive coating by measuring light absorbed by the coating and calculating the thickness using Beer's Law. Systems and apparatuses for determining the quality of the adhesive coating and for creping paper are also disclosed.

A method for creping paper includes applying an adhesive composition to an outer surface of a creping cylinder (Yankee cylinder) to form an adhesive coating, contacting paper with the adhesive coating, removing the paper and adhesive coating from the creping cylinder, and determining a quality of the adhesive coating. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may include measuring a degree of cross-linking of the adhesive polymer, a concentration of the adhesive polymer in the adhesive coating, a water content of the adhesive coating, an ash content of the adhesive coating, or combinations thereof. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may also include determining a thickness of the adhesive coating by measuring light absorbed by the coating and calculating the thickness using Beer's Law. Systems and apparatuses for determining the quality of the adhesive coating and for creping paper are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for forming a three-layer board web, preferably a folding box board (FBB) or a solid bleached (sulfate) board (SBS), in a forming section (300) comprising a multilayer headbox (100) and a forming unit (200). In the method the layers of the three-layer board web are first formed of pulp suspension in the multilayer headbox (100) and fed to only one forming unit (200), which only one forming unit is a gap or combi type twin-wire former, for water removal and for joining the layers of the three-layer board web and water is first removed by a non-pulsating forming shoe (37, 39). The invention also relates to a forming section for forming a three-layer board web, preferably a folding box board (FBB) or a solid bleached (sulfate) board (SBS), which forming section comprises a multilayer headbox (100) and a forming unit (200). The forming unit consist of only one forming unit (200) for water removal and for joining the layers of the three-layer board web and that the one forming unit (200) is a gap or combi type twin-wire former and first water removal means comprises a non-pulsating forming shoe (37, 39).

A method for producing a paper roll by conveying a first smooth ply between an upper embossing roll with first projections defining a decorative motif, and a glue distribution or clich roll; maintaining the clich roll side by side to the upper embossing roll, the first ply interposed between the upper embossing roll and the clich roll and subjected to incisions and to glue deposits at the first projections on one side of the first ply facing towards the upper embossing roll and on the opposite side of the first ply facing towards the clich roll; conveying a second ply between the upper embossing roll and a coupling or marriage roll; maintaining the marriage roll side by side to the upper embossing roll by exerting a coupling pressure to perform the final coupling between the first ply and the second ply at the glue deposits forming a multilayer paper.

A method for producing a paper roll by conveying a first smooth ply between an upper embossing roll with first projections defining a decorative motif, and a glue distribution or clich roll; maintaining the clich roll side by side to the upper embossing roll, the first ply interposed between the upper embossing roll and the clich roll and subjected to incisions and to glue deposits at the first projections on one side of the first ply facing towards the upper embossing roll and on the opposite side of the first ply facing towards the clich roll; conveying a second ply between the upper embossing roll and a coupling or marriage roll; maintaining the marriage roll side by side to the upper embossing roll by exerting a coupling pressure to perform the final coupling between the first ply and the second ply at the glue deposits forming a multilayer paper.

An apparatus for roll-to-roll nanomaterial dispersion papermaking includes a suction pressure for consolidating nanomaterials on a fluid permeable filter in one region of the filter and an opposite pressure region or regions for separating a mat of the consolidated nanomaterials and transferring the mat to a transfer roller. A transfer roller may have a suction pressure within the transfer roller to help transfer the mat from the filter to the transfer roller, for example. An inlet port distributes nanomaterials using row and zone inlets, for example.

Articles, for example multi-ply fibrous structure-containing articles such as multi-ply sanitary tissue products, containing two or more fibrous structure plies, and more particularly to multi-ply articles containing two or more fibrous structure plies having a plurality of fibrous elements wherein the articles exhibit improved bulk and absorbent properties compared to known articles and methods for making same, are provided.

Articles, for example multi-ply fibrous structure-containing articles such as multi-ply sanitary tissue products, containing two or more fibrous structure plies, and more particularly to multi-ply articles containing two or more fibrous structure plies having a plurality of fibrous elements wherein the articles exhibit improved bulk and absorbent properties compared to known articles and methods for making same, are provided.

A method for manufacturing watermarked paper, comprising: a step of forming a first fibrous panel which comprises at least one watermark element; a step of forming a second, thin fibrous panel; a step of removal, by way of suction, of at least one portion of the second, thin fibrous panel in order to produce a localized reduction in thickness at a first face of the second, thin fibrous panel, so as to provide at least one accommodation seat intended to accommodate a security element; a step of coupling between the first fibrous panel and the face of the second, thin fibrous panel which lies opposite the first face.