Provided is a paper composite superior in grease resistance, water resistance, and water vapor permeability, with an improvement of the grease resistance upon imparting grease resistance by using a greaseproofing agent having 6 or less carbon atoms. The paper composite contains: a paper substrate having an air permeation resistance of 1,000 sec or less and bulk density of from 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm.sup.3; and a greaseproof layer on at least one side thereof, the greaseproof layer containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol polymer (A) and a cationic fluorine-containing polymer (B) having two specific constitutional units. A content of the copolymer (B) in the greaseproof layer is from 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer (A), an amount of the greaseproof layer on dry mass basis is from 0.1 to 3.0 g/m.sup.2, and a water vapor permeability of the paper composite is 1,000 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 h or greater.

Provided is a paper composite superior in grease resistance, water resistance, and water vapor permeability, with an improvement of the grease resistance upon imparting grease resistance by using a greaseproofing agent having 6 or less carbon atoms. The paper composite contains: a paper substrate having an air permeation resistance of 1,000 sec or less and bulk density of from 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm.sup.3; and a greaseproof layer on at least one side thereof, the greaseproof layer containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol polymer (A) and a cationic fluorine-containing polymer (B) having two specific constitutional units. A content of the copolymer (B) in the greaseproof layer is from 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer (A), an amount of the greaseproof layer on dry mass basis is from 0.1 to 3.0 g/m.sup.2, and a water vapor permeability of the paper composite is 1,000 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 h or greater.

The invention relates to a method for modifying nanofibrillar cellulose composition, comprising—preparing fibrous dispersion of ionically charged nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), and—applying heat treatment at a temperature of at least 90° C. to the fibrous dispersion until the viscosity of NFC starts to decrease. The viscosity of the heat-treated NFC is reversible by applying shear forces to the NFC.

The invention relates to a method for modifying nanofibrillar cellulose composition, comprising—preparing fibrous dispersion of ionically charged nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), and—applying heat treatment at a temperature of at least 90° C. to the fibrous dispersion until the viscosity of NFC starts to decrease. The viscosity of the heat-treated NFC is reversible by applying shear forces to the NFC.

Provided is a paper treatment agent with which improved touch feeling different from smoothness that has been conventionally studied is obtainable when a pressure is applied like nose blowing or the like. A paper treatment agent of the present invention is a paper treatment agent containing (A) a polyhydric alcohol as a main component, the paper treatment agent contains (B) a sucrose fatty acid ester having an acyl group with more than 12 and less than 22 carbon atoms and an HLB of 11 or more and (C) an ionic surfactant, and it is characterized in that a mass ratio (C/B) of the component (C) to the component (B) is 0.65 to 24. According to the paper treatment agent of the present invention, when a pressure is applied to treated paper like nose blowing or the like, slick texture that is specific and distinctive smoothness which is non-conventional is obtainable.

Provided is a paper treatment agent with which improved touch feeling different from smoothness that has been conventionally studied is obtainable when a pressure is applied like nose blowing or the like. A paper treatment agent of the present invention is a paper treatment agent containing (A) a polyhydric alcohol as a main component, the paper treatment agent contains (B) a sucrose fatty acid ester having an acyl group with more than 12 and less than 22 carbon atoms and an HLB of 11 or more and (C) an ionic surfactant, and it is characterized in that a mass ratio (C/B) of the component (C) to the component (B) is 0.65 to 24. According to the paper treatment agent of the present invention, when a pressure is applied to treated paper like nose blowing or the like, slick texture that is specific and distinctive smoothness which is non-conventional is obtainable.

The present invention relates to a bio-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) composition suitable as a binder for fiber based materials, textiles, woven and nonwoven materials. The PEC composition comprises cationic biopolymer, anionic biopolymer acid and a polymer, and is further characterized in that the net charge of the PEC is cationic, the charge ratio of the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer is ≤1, the cationic biopolymer is chitosan, wherein the concentration of cation is 0.005-30%, the anionic biopolymer is polyanions derived from nature, the acid is a Brønsted acid and/or a Lewis acid, wherein the Brønsted acid is selected from any organic and/or inorganic acids, wherein the Lewis acid is selected from any cationic mono- or multivalent atom, the weight ratio between cation and anion is 1:0.1 to 1:20, the weight ratio between the cation and acid is 1:0.01 to 1:30, chitosan has a degree of deacetylation being 66-100%, and the pH is less than 7. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing the PEC composition, uses of the PEC composition, as well as method of treating materials with the PEC composition.

The invention relates to a method of making a paper product 10, 10.01 to 10.14, wherein the method includes the step of adding natural reinforcing material (31, 31.1, 51, 51.1, 61, 61.1, 71, 71.1) to one of: a) a layer of pulp as it exits or after it exits from a layer formation process or apparatus; or b) a tank 20, 20.1, 20.2 of pulp prior to it exiting from a layer formation process or apparatus; or c) a combination of a) and b). Additionally, the invention relates to paper products made by this process. The present invention also provides a multi-layered material 2.10, 2.10″, 2.10.1, 2.100 to 2.1600, and 100 to 1900, and a layer treatment of a layer or layers of a multilayered material, and a multilayered material which has had such a layer or layers treated by such a layer treatment.

The present invention concerns a composition being an inverse emulsion comprising cross-linked anionic, organic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles having an unswollen z-average particle size diameter of less than 0.75 μm, wherein the organic polymeric microparticles are formed from a monomer mixture comprising (a) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, or a salt thereof; (b) an ethylenically unsaturated non-ionic monomer; and (c) from 1 to 10 mole % of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, or a salt thereof. The invention also provides a process for preparing the composition, the use of the composition in a paper or paperboard making process and methods of making paper or paperboard employing said composition.

The present invention concerns a composition being an inverse emulsion comprising cross-linked anionic, organic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles having an unswollen z-average particle size diameter of less than 0.75 μm, wherein the organic polymeric microparticles are formed from a monomer mixture comprising (a) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, or a salt thereof; (b) an ethylenically unsaturated non-ionic monomer; and (c) from 1 to 10 mole % of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, or a salt thereof. The invention also provides a process for preparing the composition, the use of the composition in a paper or paperboard making process and methods of making paper or paperboard employing said composition.