The present invention relates to a hyaluronate nonwoven fabric composed of hyaluronate fibers and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein a nonwoven fabric composed of only pure hyaluronate is provided without the addition of any heterogeneous fiber, such as PVA which is a binding fiber essentially added during a wet-laid nonwoven fabric manufacturing process, so that a nonwoven fabric composed of only hyaluronate fibers with excellent human compatibility and without cytotoxicity, skin irritation, and the like can be provided, and thus can be used as patches for cosmetic patches, wet wound dressings, tissue adhesion barrier membranes, and the like.

A radiative cooling apparatus including a layer of a material. The layer defines an exterior face. The material has a composition such that the layer is configured to reflect, at the exterior face, at least partly of the incoming electromagnetic radiation of at least some wavelengths in the solar spectrum. The layer is further configured to emit thermally-generated electromagnetic emission of at least some mid-infrared wavelengths out from the exterior face. Ceramics provided by embodiments of the invention could produce extra cooling effect without any electricity consumption, creating a prominent benefit to the energy saving of air conditioning systems of buildings.

Disclosed is a wearable article continuous in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction comprising an elastic belt region, a crotch region, a waist opening and two leg openings; the elastic belt region is a laminate comprising an inner sheet made of nonwoven fiber, and an outer sheet made of nonwoven fiber, and a plurality of elastic bodies configured to stretch the elastic belt region in the transverse direction, the crotch region comprises an outer cover layer at the most garment facing side, the outer cover layer being the same material as the outer sheet; wherein the outer sheet has a Compression Work of more than about 550 gfmm, a Compression Average Rigidity of less than about 500 gf/mm.sup.3, a Surface Roughness Wavelength of more than about 1.7 mm, and a Glossiness of less than about 5.3, the Compression Work, the Compression Average Rigidity, the Surface Roughness Wavelength and the Glossiness according to the measurements herein.

Disclosed is a wearable article continuous in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction comprising a body-facing surface and a garment-facing surface; wherein at least a portion of the garment-facing surface is a nonwoven substrate material made of fibers having a Roughness (standard deviation of the grayscale image) of at least about 16, preferably at least about 18, more preferably at least about 20; and a fiber diameter of no more than about 22 ?m, preferably no more than about 17 ?m, more preferably no more than about 15 ?m, according to the measurements herein.

Disclosed is a wearable article continuous in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction comprising a body-facing surface and a garment-facing surface; wherein at least a portion of the garment-facing surface is a nonwoven substrate material made of fibers having a Roughness (standard deviation of the grayscale image) of at least about 16, preferably at least about 18, more preferably at least about 20; and a fiber diameter of no more than about 22 ?m, preferably no more than about 17 ?m, more preferably no more than about 15 ?m, according to the measurements herein.

A method of manufacturing a flame-retardant heat insulating formed product in the shape of a mat includes pouring water in used paper or a pulp material to defibrate and obtain defibrated cotton. A flame retardant such as a boric acid is charged into the defibrated cotton. By stirring and heating, a flame-retardant heat insulating defibrated cotton is obtained. Short fibers with a low melting point made of polyester or the like are charged into the flame-retardant heat insulating defibrated cotton. By mixing and stirring, a flame-retardant heat insulating loose material is obtained. A forming die made of corrugated cardboard provided with a lid having air vents is filled with the flame-retardant heat insulating loose material. The flame-retardant heat insulating loose material together with the forming die are heated with a microwave heating apparatus to form. A mat-shaped formed product is removed from the forming die.

A method of forming deformations in a nonwoven web includes the steps of: a) providing a precursor nonwoven web; b) providing a pair of forming members which include: a first forming member having a surface comprising a plurality of discrete, spaced apart male forming elements; and a second forming member having a surface comprising a plurality of recesses in the second forming member, wherein the recesses are aligned and configured to receive the male forming elements therein, wherein the recesses have a plan view periphery that is larger than, and may completely surround, the plan view periphery of the male elements; and c) mechanically deforming the precursor nonwoven web with the forming members by placing the precursor nonwoven web between the forming members. The method forms a nonwoven web having a generally planar first region and a plurality of discrete deformations. The deformations form protrusions that extend outward from the first surface of the nonwoven web and a base opening adjacent to the second surface of the nonwoven web. The maximum interior width of the cap portion of the protrusions is wider than the width of the base opening.

A method of forming deformations in a nonwoven web includes the steps of: a) providing a precursor nonwoven web; b) providing a pair of forming members which include: a first forming member having a surface comprising a plurality of discrete, spaced apart male forming elements; and a second forming member having a surface comprising a plurality of recesses in the second forming member, wherein the recesses are aligned and configured to receive the male forming elements therein, wherein the recesses have a plan view periphery that is larger than, and may completely surround, the plan view periphery of the male elements; and c) mechanically deforming the precursor nonwoven web with the forming members by placing the precursor nonwoven web between the forming members. The method forms a nonwoven web having a generally planar first region and a plurality of discrete deformations. The deformations form protrusions that extend outward from the first surface of the nonwoven web and a base opening adjacent to the second surface of the nonwoven web. The maximum interior width of the cap portion of the protrusions is wider than the width of the base opening.

A shaped sheet including a plurality of rows of protruding portions formed on a non-woven fabric sheet and extending in a first direction and a plurality of rows of protruding portions formed on the non-woven fabric sheet and extending in a second direction that crosses the first direction, wherein: the shaped sheet is more stretchable in the first direction than in the second direction; the shaped sheet is formed from a single layer of the non-woven fabric sheet; and a fusion-bonded portion that extends discontinuously or continuously in the first direction and that has a smaller thickness than the protruding portions due to its fusion-bonded structure is provided along a part or whole of a periphery of the protruding portions on the shaped sheet.

Insulation comprises a plurality of reactive flaps that react to one or more external stimuli, e.g., humidity. The flaps are made up of a fiber mixture that includes: 20-80 wt % reactive bicomponent fibers that are reactive to an external stimulus, and have a first configuration in an unactivated state and a second configuration in an activated state, and wherein the bicomponent fibers can reversibly transform between the unactivated and activated states; 5-40 wt % synthetic binder fibers having a denier of 1.5 to 4.0 denier; 0-75 wt % of a first population of synthetic fibers, being synthetic polymeric fibers having a denier of less than 2.0 denier; and 0-75 wt % of a second population of synthetic fibers, being synthetic polymeric fibers having a denier of 4.0 to 10.0 denier. Related articles and methods are also provided.