A smokeless tobacco product includes smokeless tobacco and structural fibers. The structural fibers forming a network in which the smokeless tobacco is entangled. The structural fibers have a composition different from the smokeless tobacco. The tobacco-entangled fabric can have an overall oven volatiles content of at least 10 weight percent. In some embodiments, the structural fibers form a nonwoven network. In some embodiments, fibrous structures of the smokeless tobacco are entangled with the structural fibers.

A self-wrapping sleeve and method of construction thereof is provided. The sleeve includes an elongate multilayered tubular wall having opposite edges extending along a longitudinal axis of the sleeve between opposite ends of the sleeve. The opposite edges are biased into a self-wrapping configuration about the longitudinal axis to define an internal cavity bounded by the tubular wall. The tubular wall includes a non-woven layer of intertwined fibers and a textile layer of interlaced filaments, wherein the non-woven layer is fixed to the textile layer via needled fibers of the non-woven layer being entangled with filaments of the textile layer.

A hydroentangled nonwoven sheet material produced by a process including: 0) optionally providing a polymer web on a carrier; a) providing an aqueous suspension containing short fibers and a surfactant; b) depositing the aqueous suspension on the carrier; c) removing aqueous residue of the aqueous suspension deposited in step b) to form a fibrous web; b) depositing aqueous suspension on a surface of the fibrous web formed in step c); c) removing aqueous residue of the aqueous suspension deposited in step b) to form a combined fibrous web; d) hydroentangling the combined fibrous web; and optionally e) drying the hydroentangled web, and/or f) further processing and finalizing the dried, hydroentangled web the web to produce the nonwoven end material. The hydroentangled non-woven sheet material obtainable by this process has a low degree of surface irregularity and contains low residues of surfactants.

A hydroentangled nonwoven sheet material produced by a process including: 0) optionally providing a polymer web on a carrier; a) providing an aqueous suspension containing short fibers and a surfactant; b) depositing the aqueous suspension on the carrier; c) removing aqueous residue of the aqueous suspension deposited in step b) to form a fibrous web; b) depositing aqueous suspension on a surface of the fibrous web formed in step c); c) removing aqueous residue of the aqueous suspension deposited in step b) to form a combined fibrous web; d) hydroentangling the combined fibrous web; and optionally e) drying the hydroentangled web, and/or f) further processing and finalizing the dried, hydroentangled web the web to produce the nonwoven end material. The hydroentangled non-woven sheet material obtainable by this process has a low degree of surface irregularity and contains low residues of surfactants.

A method for manufacturing polyester filament spun-bonded non-woven fabric, comprising, i) drying respectively some polyester chips and black color masterbatch; ii) conveying the dried polyester chips and the dried black color masterbatch to a screw extruder for being melted and compressed into a viscous melt, and making the melt pass through a melt filter to remove impurities; iii) evenly distributing the filtered melt into each metering pump through a spinning manifold, cooling the output melt into filaments, drawing the filaments by airflow and the drawn filaments laying into fiber web, and preliminarily ironing and flattening the fiber web by a needle to obtain a fiber web-reinforced non-woven fabric; iv) winding the non-woven fabric by a winder and then shaping the non-woven fabric by a hot mill to obtain a polyester filament spun-bonded non-woven fabric. The polyester filament spun-bonded non-woven fabric exhibits superior tensile strength are excellent.

Provided is a fiber structure having a high dust holding capacity. The fiber structure includes a thick fiber group composed of fibers A each having a single fiber diameter larger than 5 ?m and a thin fiber group composed of fibers B each having a single fiber diameter of 5 ?m or smaller, and has an intermingled region in which the thick fiber group and the thin fiber group are intermingled.

An activated carbon fiber is obtained by activating: a polyphenylene ether fiber that contains a polyphenylene ether component having a rearrangement structure connected by a bond at an ortho-position in a repeating unit continuously bonded at a para-position; an infusibilized polyphenylene ether fiber obtained by infusibilizing the polyphenylene ether fiber; a flameproofed polyphenylene ether fiber obtained by flameproofing the polyphenylene ether fiber or the infusibilized polyphenylene ether fiber; or a carbon fiber obtained by carbonizing any of the polyphenylene ether fibers.

An activated carbon fiber is obtained by activating: a polyphenylene ether fiber that contains a polyphenylene ether component having a rearrangement structure connected by a bond at an ortho-position in a repeating unit continuously bonded at a para-position; an infusibilized polyphenylene ether fiber obtained by infusibilizing the polyphenylene ether fiber; a flameproofed polyphenylene ether fiber obtained by flameproofing the polyphenylene ether fiber or the infusibilized polyphenylene ether fiber; or a carbon fiber obtained by carbonizing any of the polyphenylene ether fibers.

Disclosed is a shingle that uses a polyester sheet as a substrate layer. The polyester sheet has a sufficient weight and is needled and formed from two layers to resist shrinking upon cooling after the heated asphalt layers are applied to the polyester substrate sheet 102. In addition, additives may be included in the asphalt to lower the softening point temperature of the asphalt that further reduces shrinking of the polyester substrate 102 or allows other polymers that are more fire retardant to be used. Fire retardants can be placed in the polyester sheet fibers, placed in the bonding agent for the polyester fibers, or the polyester sheet can be coated with the fire retardant. Alternatively, or in addition to treating the polyester sheet 102 with fire retardant, fire retardant materials such as ammonium sulfate can be added to the liquid asphalt prior to application of the asphalt layers.

Disclosed is a shingle that uses a polyester sheet as a substrate layer. The polyester sheet has a sufficient weight and is needled and formed from two layers to resist shrinking upon cooling after the heated asphalt layers are applied to the polyester substrate sheet 102. In addition, additives may be included in the asphalt to lower the softening point temperature of the asphalt that further reduces shrinking of the polyester substrate 102 or allows other polymers that are more fire retardant to be used. Fire retardants can be placed in the polyester sheet fibers, placed in the bonding agent for the polyester fibers, or the polyester sheet can be coated with the fire retardant. Alternatively, or in addition to treating the polyester sheet 102 with fire retardant, fire retardant materials such as ammonium sulfate can be added to the liquid asphalt prior to application of the asphalt layers.