A tampon comprising an absorbent pledget and a withdrawal cord attached to the pledget is disclosed. The withdrawal cord may be constituted predominantly (by weight) of natural plant fiber such as cotton, and comprise no more than 5 percent by weight material derived from petroleum, while exhibiting limiting wicking capability. A method for manufacturing tampons with withdrawal cords including cotton fiber is disclosed, including a scouring step in which the scouring solution is of relatively lower pH than is conventional for scouring cotton, is disclosed.

A tampon comprising an absorbent pledget and a withdrawal cord attached to the pledget is disclosed. The withdrawal cord may be constituted predominantly (by weight) of natural plant fiber such as cotton, and comprise no more than 5 percent by weight material derived from petroleum, while exhibiting limiting wicking capability. A method for manufacturing tampons with withdrawal cords including cotton fiber is disclosed, including a scouring step in which the scouring solution is of relatively lower pH than is conventional for scouring cotton, is disclosed.

A method of making an antimicrobial textile comprising TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles is described. The TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles are immobilized by first treating a textile with a base, and then contacting with TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles in a solution of an alcohol and acid. The textile may be subsequently irradiated with UV light prior to use. The antimicrobial textile shows high effectiveness against the growth and proliferation of microorganisms transmitted within indoor environments.

A method of making an antimicrobial textile comprising TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles is described. The TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles are immobilized by first treating a textile with a base, and then contacting with TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles in a solution of an alcohol and acid. The textile may be subsequently irradiated with UV light prior to use. The antimicrobial textile shows high effectiveness against the growth and proliferation of microorganisms transmitted within indoor environments.

An antimicrobial coated textile is provided. The antimicrobial coated textile includes a textile substrate including a plurality of textile fibers and a coating. The coating includes 77.5 to 97.45 wt. % silica, 0.05 to 2.5 wt. % titanium dioxide, and 2.5 to 20 wt. % an oxide of a second metal, each based on a total weight of the coating. The second metal is selected from a group including zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zirconium (Zr), and the coating is disposed on a surface of the textile fibers. A method of preparing the antimicrobial coated textile is also provided.

A conductive agent can be filled in a sprayer and sprayed onto the surface of a fabric to form a conductive portion thereon. The conductive agent includes sodium hydroxide, carbomer, glycerin, disinfectant and water. The percentage by weight of sodium hydroxide is 0.15% to 0.25% of the conductive agent; the percentage by weight of carbomer is 0.45% to 0.55% of the conductive agent; the percentage by weight of the glycerin is 0.90% to 1.10% of the conductive agent; the percentage by weight of disinfectant is 0.03% to 0.07% of the conductive agent.

A conductive agent can be filled in a sprayer and sprayed onto the surface of a fabric to form a conductive portion thereon. The conductive agent includes sodium hydroxide, carbomer, glycerin, disinfectant and water. The percentage by weight of sodium hydroxide is 0.15% to 0.25% of the conductive agent; the percentage by weight of carbomer is 0.45% to 0.55% of the conductive agent; the percentage by weight of the glycerin is 0.90% to 1.10% of the conductive agent; the percentage by weight of disinfectant is 0.03% to 0.07% of the conductive agent.

A chemically modified cellulosic fibre or filament having a moisture content of at least 7% by weight obtained by a process comprising the steps of (i) obtaining cellulosic fibres or filament and chemically modifying the cellulose by substitution to increase its absorbency; (ii) washing the fibres after step (i) in a mixture comprising water and up to 99% by weight of water-miscible organic solvent; (iii) drying the fibres to a moisture content of at least 7% by weight.

A chemically modified cellulosic fibre or filament having a moisture content of at least 7% by weight obtained by a process comprising the steps of (i) obtaining cellulosic fibres or filament and chemically modifying the cellulose by substitution to increase its absorbency; (ii) washing the fibres after step (i) in a mixture comprising water and up to 99% by weight of water-miscible organic solvent; (iii) drying the fibres to a moisture content of at least 7% by weight.

The present invention relates to an anti-viral nanoformulation suitable for diverse surface application in form of hydrogel based nanoemulsion, or an aerosol spray. The present invention discloses incorporation of nanomaterials such as functionalized carbon quantum dots (F-CQDs), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the hydrogel (HG) scaffold to act as chemical barrier and anti-viral agent against SARS-CoV-2 or Escherichia coli: phage MS2. The nanoformulation is coated on personal protective equipment's (PPE) and different surfaces such as glass, steel and plastic to control viral infection including corona virus infection.