Electronic textiles and methods of fabrication electronic textiles. Nanoparticles of a conductive material are sprayed along a conductive path into a fabric material so as to penetrate into the fabric. A layer of a second conductor material is coated over the nanoparticles along the conductive path. A layer of an insulator material is coated over the layer of the second conductor material so as to encapsulate the conductive path and form a trace. An electrode configured to contact a subject wearing the fabric material includes a layer of a third conductor material coated over the layer of the second conductor and electrically coupled with the conductive path. An electrical connector is secured to the fabric material and electrically coupled with the conductive path. The nanoparticles are sprayed onto the fabric material using a dual regime spray process implemented with a dual regime spray system.

A method is provided to enhance efficiency of carbon felts in a flow battery. The carbon felts are directly immersed in a mixed acid solution. The carbon felts with the solution are heated at a low temperature and processed through sonication. On surface defects of the carbon felts, OH and CO functional groups are efficiently generated. The functional groups catalyze the redox reaction of vanadium ions. More active positions are obtained on the carbon felts through the activation treatment. Both of valence exchange and redox velocity of the vanadium ions are enhanced. Thus, the present invention has simple and fast processes with easily regulated experimental parameters for good modification without high temperature treatment but low cost.

A method is provided to enhance efficiency of carbon felts in a flow battery. The carbon felts are directly immersed in a mixed acid solution. The carbon felts with the solution are heated at a low temperature and processed through sonication. On surface defects of the carbon felts, OH and CO functional groups are efficiently generated. The functional groups catalyze the redox reaction of vanadium ions. More active positions are obtained on the carbon felts through the activation treatment. Both of valence exchange and redox velocity of the vanadium ions are enhanced. Thus, the present invention has simple and fast processes with easily regulated experimental parameters for good modification without high temperature treatment but low cost.

Provided among other things is a cut-resistant article comprising: a cut-resistant synthetic fabric; and adherent to the fabric a layer of polyurethane polymer in which is dispersed mineral fibers of hardness about 4 Mohs or higher and having L/D ratio between about 8 and about 16, wherein the article has a cut resistance by ISO 13997:1999 of 2 or higher.

Described herein is a method of manufacturing a textile material with antimicrobial compounds in such a manner to chemically bind or attach said compounds to the textile material, and to the treated textile material which performs as a disinfectant or sterilizer on its own. The treated textile material exhibits wash-durability and non-leaching properties. The process includes an exhaust process cycle including the steps of treating the textile material using an exhaust process, where the liquor includes one or more antimicrobial agents, and subjecting the treated textile material to a heat treatment. In addition, a device is described for purifying water, which can operate based on gravity and without electricity.

This disclosure provides methods that render hydrophobic carbon fiber paper (CFP) hydrophilic for extended periods without damaging the carbon fibers that compose the CFP or the architecture of the network of those carbon fibers. The disclosure further provides hydrophilic CFP made by the inventive methods. The methods include sonicating the CFP in an aqueous surfactant solution followed by electrooxidizing the CFP in an aqueous electrolyte.

A method for manufacturing metal oxide-grown carbon fibers including immersing carbon fibers in a solution for forming a metal oxide seed layer and electrodepositing a metal oxide seed on the surfaces of carbon fibers, or irradiating microwave thereto to form a metal oxide seed layer, and irradiating microwave to the metal oxide seed layer-formed carbon fibers to grow metal oxide. The method for manufacturing metal oxide-grown carbon fibers can reduce process time, and improve process energy efficiency and production efficiency. The method for manufacturing metal oxide-grown carbon fibers can offer metal oxide-grown carbon fibers with improved interfacial shear stress.

The present invention provides for a process for reducing the content of one or more residuals in aramid fibers or filaments, comprising, in this order, the steps of introducing the aramid fiber or filaments into a extraction solution adjusted to a pH ranging from of 2 to 7, adjusting the extraction solution and the aramid fibers or filaments to a temperature of to from 80 C. to 140 C., removing the aramid fibers or filaments from the extraction solution, introducing the aramid fiber or filaments into a first rinsing solution adjusted to a pH ranging from of 2 to 7, optionally comprising a detergent, adjusting the first rinsing solution and the aramid fibers and filaments to a temperature of from 70 C. to 100 C., removing the aramid fibers or filaments from the first rinsing solution.

The present invention provides for a process for reducing the content of one or more residuals in aramid fibers or filaments, comprising, in this order, the steps of introducing the aramid fiber or filaments into a extraction solution adjusted to a pH ranging from of 2 to 7, adjusting the extraction solution and the aramid fibers or filaments to a temperature of to from 80 C. to 140 C., removing the aramid fibers or filaments from the extraction solution, introducing the aramid fiber or filaments into a first rinsing solution adjusted to a pH ranging from of 2 to 7, optionally comprising a detergent, adjusting the first rinsing solution and the aramid fibers and filaments to a temperature of from 70 C. to 100 C., removing the aramid fibers or filaments from the first rinsing solution.

A coating fabric and method of manufacturing the same are provided. A coated fabric includes a base coating layer. The base coating layer defines a smooth coating to resist liquid penetration to the fabric. The coated fabric also includes a middle foam coating layer that is deposited on at least a portion of the base coating layer. The middle foam layer defines a middle layer foam density and is configured to absorb at least a portion of liquid. The coated fabric further includes an outer foam coating layer that is deposited on at least a portion of the middle foam coating later. The outer foam layer defines an outer layer foam density and is configured with holes to allow liquid to penetrate to the middle foam layer. The middle layer foam density is less than the outer layer foam density. A corresponding method of manufacturing is also provided.