A smart material includes a composite textile that includes a textile substrate and a material disposed via an additive manufacturing technique onto the textile substrate based on an additive manufacturing pattern. The composite textile includes a gradient in least one of mechanical property, material property, or structural property and/or exhibits a change in at least one mechanical property, material property, or structure in response to at least one external stimulus.

Provided are a biodegradable eco-friendly material and a manufacturing method thereof. The biodegradable eco-friendly material includes a biodegradable base fabric into which paper mulberry yarn and cotton yarn are mixed and woven, a leather layer made of a biodegradable material attached to one side of the base fabric, and a coating layer attached to the other side of the base fabric. Here, the base fabric may be woven in a state where 74 to 76 parts by weight of the cotton yarn and 24 to 26 parts by weight of the paper mulberry yarn are mixed.

Disclosed is a method for producing a nanofibrous non-woven material and a nanofibrous non-woven material with cross-linked gelatin nanofibers. The method includes producing gelatin nanofibers; producing a nanofibrous material using the produced gelatin nanofibers; and treating the nanofibrous material by a crosslinking agent for forming adhesion bonds in the nanofibrous material and to obtain the nanofibrous non-woven material.

A biofabricated material containing a network of crosslinked collagen fibrils is disclosed. This material is composed of collagen which is also a major component of natural leather and is produced by a process of fibrillation of collagen molecules into fibrils, crosslinking the fibrils and lubricating the crosslinked fibrils. Unlike natural leathers, this biofabricated material exhibits non-anisotropic (not directionally dependent) physical properties, for example, a sheet of biofabricated material can have substantially the same elasticity or tensile strength when stretched or stressed in different directions. Unlike natural leather, it has a uniform texture that facilitates uniform uptake of dyes and coatings. Aesthetically, it produces a uniform and consistent grain for ease of manufacturability. It can have substantially identical grain, texture and other aesthetic properties on both sides distinct from natural leather where the grain increases from one side (e.g., distal surface) to the other (proximal inner layers).

Described herein are three dimensionally shaped biofabricated materials and method of making three dimensionally shaped biofabricated materials.

A method of manufacturing a blend composition, comprising: providing caprolactam; heating the caprolactam to a temperature of about 215 C. to about 280 C. for polymerization to form polycaprolactam; and mixing the polycaprolactam at the temperature of about 215 C. to about 280 C. with collagen, such that the collagen is denatured by heat, wherein the denatured collagen has a first polypeptide, a second polypeptide, and third polypeptide, and amide groups of the first polypeptide, the second polypeptide, and the third polypeptide are linked with amide groups of the polycaprolactam through hydrogen bond formation, thereby the blend composition is formed.

The invention is directed to a method for producing a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.

A preparation process of spunlace intertwining type recycled cow leather comprises a material preparation process, a cow leather fiber web forming process, as well as a mixed fiber web forming process, an overlapped web forming process, a base fabric manufacturing process and a cow leather finished product manufacturing process which are sequentially arranged according to a preparation process flow; the base fabric manufacturing process comprises a buffing process, a single-side immersion treatment process and an ironing process which are sequentially arranged for manufacturing the overlapped web into the base fabric; and the single-side immersion treatment process comprises the steps of subjecting a single side of the base fabric to single-side coating treatment of the water-based PU material or the oil-based PU material by adopting an inverted feeding device and using a water-based PU material or an oil-based PU material as a coating so as to form a single-side permeable immersion layer of the base fabric.

A leather substrate formed from waste leather and its method of production, particularly a leather substrate made up substantially of a collagen fibril matrix.

The invention is directed to a method for producing a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.