A manufacturing method of decorated natural leather including the steps of: attaching a crusted leather (45) with its corium side by an adhesive (46) to a temporary carrier (47); inkjet printing the crusted leather (45) on its grain side with one or more pigmented inkjet inks; wherein the surface area of the temporary carrier (47) is larger than the surface area of the crusted leather (45).

The invention is directed to a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.

The invention is directed to a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.

An ink used for printing on a leather includes: a coloring material, an organic solvent, and a resin; where a maximum tensile stress of an ink film formed of the ink is 2 N/mm.sup.2 or more.

A method is provided for producing sustainable leather using by-products from parts of all varieties and species of the plant genus Persea including among them both the American species and the Hass variety. A hide or leather may be produced by the method, and a method is provided for producing the natural tanning agents used in the method to produce sustainable leather and the natural tanning agents produced by the method.

A method is provided for producing sustainable leather using by-products from parts of all varieties and species of the plant genus Persea including among them both the American species and the Hass variety. A hide or leather may be produced by the method, and a method is provided for producing the natural tanning agents used in the method to produce sustainable leather and the natural tanning agents produced by the method.

An apparatus includes a process chamber, a controllable compressor for pressurizing a fluid, a pressure reducing member, an inlet for a processing agent and a controller. The process chamber is a pressure chamber. The controllable compressor pressurizes a fluid and introduces the pressurized fluid into the process chamber from a source. Further the controllable compressor controls a predefined pressure in the process chamber to reach a supercritical state of the fluid. An inlet for a processing agent facilitates introduction of the processing agent into the process chamber prior to, during, or subsequent to pressurization of the fluid. The pressure reducing member reduces the pressure of the fluid at least to reach a gaseous state subsequent to processing the leather object such that the time for reduction of pressure exceeds a predefined reduction period or the reduction of pressure does not exceed a predefined leather pressure reduction gradient.

A method for dyeing and/or retanning of leather objects includes providing a leather object. The leather object has been processed by at least a tanning process. The leather object is introduced into a process chamber. The leather object is subjected in the process chamber to a pressurized fluid. The pressure of the pressurized fluid is controlled to reach a supercritical state. The leather object is subjected to a dyeing agent and/or a retanning agent, which dyeing or retanning agent is dissolved and/or transported in the pressurized fluid for at least a predefined period of time while the pressurized fluid is in the supercritical state. The pressure is reduced in the process chamber. The leather object is removed from the process chamber. The pressure reduction is controlled over time.

A method for dyeing and/or retanning of leather objects includes providing a leather object. The leather object has been processed by at least a tanning process. The leather object is introduced into a process chamber. The leather object is subjected in the process chamber to a pressurized fluid. The pressure of the pressurized fluid is controlled to reach a supercritical state. The leather object is subjected to a dyeing agent and/or a retanning agent, which dyeing or retanning agent is dissolved and/or transported in the pressurized fluid for at least a predefined period of time while the pressurized fluid is in the supercritical state. The pressure is reduced in the process chamber. The leather object is removed from the process chamber. The pressure reduction is controlled over time.

Described herein is a method for producing a biofabricated material from collagen or collagen-like proteins. The collagen or collagen-like proteins are isolated from animal sources or produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by chemical synthesis. The collagen or collagen-like proteins are fibrillated, crosslinked, dehydrated and lubricated thus forming the biofabricated material having a substantially uniform network of collagen fibrils.