This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to graphene. In one aspect, a method includes submerging a frame support in an etching solution that is contained in a container. A growth substrate, a graphene sheet disposed on the growth substrate, and a primary support disposed on the graphene sheet is placed on a surface of the etching solution. The growth substrate is dissolved in the etching solution to leave the graphene sheet and the primary support floating on a surface of the etching solution. The etching solution in the container is replaced with a washing solution. The washing solution is removed from the container so that the graphene sheet becomes disposed on the frame support.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to graphene. In one aspect, a method includes submerging a frame support in an etching solution that is contained in a container. A growth substrate, a graphene sheet disposed on the growth substrate, and a primary support disposed on the graphene sheet is placed on a surface of the etching solution. The growth substrate is dissolved in the etching solution to leave the graphene sheet and the primary support floating on a surface of the etching solution. The etching solution in the container is replaced with a washing solution. The washing solution is removed from the container so that the graphene sheet becomes disposed on the frame support.

This invention provides formulations for use in distributing RNAi molecules targeted to a human GST-π for treating a malignant tumor in a subject. The formulation can include nanoparticles composed of an ionizable lipid, a DSPE lipid, and additional lipids. A drug product can be made by lyophilization of the formulation. This invention further provides methods for ameliorating or treating a malignant tumor by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation containing the RNAi agents.

This invention provides formulations for use in distributing RNAi molecules targeted to a human GST-π for treating a malignant tumor in a subject. The formulation can include nanoparticles composed of an ionizable lipid, a DSPE lipid, and additional lipids. A drug product can be made by lyophilization of the formulation. This invention further provides methods for ameliorating or treating a malignant tumor by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation containing the RNAi agents.

A method of treatment of a neuropathic pain by administering an andrographolide to the subject is provided. The andrographolide treatment may relief the symptom of neuropathic pain by reducing the astrocytic activity.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a binary conjugate, DC009, which is a conjugate of a thrombolytic peptide (Pro-Ala-Lys) and a tetrahydroisoquinoline compound having two C1-4 alkyl groups via a lysine linking arm, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. The composition has a pH less than 6.5, preferably has a pH about pH 2-5.5 The composition may comprise a pharmaceutical acceptable excipient such as mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose, lactose, or trehalose.

Disclosed herein are methods relating to manufacturing an embolizing agent precursor. Manufacture of the embolizing agent precursor may involve mixing a first component contained within a first container with a second component contained within a second container, the first component including a plurality of negatively charged gaseous components and a first stabilizer, the second component comprising a plurality of positively charged oil components, a second stabilizer, and a cationic surfactant. Further steps may include mixing the first component with the second component such that the first and second component are held together as a single agglomerated entity.

Disclosed herein are methods relating to manufacturing an embolizing agent precursor. Manufacture of the embolizing agent precursor may involve mixing a first component contained within a first container with a second component contained within a second container, the first component including a plurality of negatively charged gaseous components and a first stabilizer, the second component comprising a plurality of positively charged oil components, a second stabilizer, and a cationic surfactant. Further steps may include mixing the first component with the second component such that the first and second component are held together as a single agglomerated entity.

Vaccine formulations are described comprising physically separated, lyophilized antigens and adjuvant components, which may be in lyoparticle form, as well as methods of using and making such formulations. Reconstituted formulations are also described.

Provided is an anti-tumor composition, comprising: (A) Akkermansia muciniphila; and (B) an immune checkpoint inhibitor, such as a PD-1 inhibitor, a PD-L1 inhibitor, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, etc. Also provided is use of Akkermansia muciniphila in preparing a drug for treating tumor.