A method according to the present disclosure may includes preparing a urea solution by dissolving urea in distilled water, adding phosphoric acid to the urea solution, adding pulp to the solution in which urea and phosphoric acid are dissolved, heating the solution such that the urea and the phosphoric acid each react with the pulp and preparing nanocellulose by washing the pulp which is completely reacted, and then grinding the pulp, in which a weight of the phosphoric acid is 10 to 50% based on a weight of the pulp.

In a process for producing bleached mechanical woodpulp, said process comprising the steps of a) delaminating comparatively large particles of wood, which have optionally been pretreated with chemicals and/or water, into modified particles of wood, b) grinding the modified particles of wood from a) in one or more refiners, c) optionally treating the stalk obtained in step b) with oxidative or reductive bleaching agents, a composition Z is present during step a) and/or step b), said composition Z comprising one or more of the following components (Z1) to (Z3): a salt of dithionous acid H.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.4 (Z1), a dithionous acid or dithionous acid derivative generator compound (Z2), a salt of sulfurous acid (sulfite) plus sodium tetraborohydride (Z3) and also optionally additives (Z4).

In a process for producing bleached mechanical woodpulp, said process comprising the steps of a) delaminating comparatively large particles of wood, which have optionally been pretreated with chemicals and/or water, into modified particles of wood, b) grinding the modified particles of wood from a) in one or more refiners, c) optionally treating the stalk obtained in step b) with oxidative or reductive bleaching agents, a composition Z is present during step a) and/or step b), said composition Z comprising one or more of the following components (Z1) to (Z3): a salt of dithionous acid H.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.4 (Z1), a dithionous acid or dithionous acid derivative generator compound (Z2), a salt of sulfurous acid (sulfite) plus sodium tetraborohydride (Z3) and also optionally additives (Z4).

A method for controlling a device for treating a fibrous material includes the steps of: providing that the device includes a housing in which at least a first treatment tool and a second treatment tool are arranged; mounting at least one of the first base plate and the second base plate in an axially movable manner in order to compensate for a wear of the first treatment profile and the second treatment profile; measuring a distance between the first base plate and the second base plate respectively of the first treatment tool and the second treatment tool of a treatment nip during an operation of the device; and selecting a value of a total power depending on the distance between the first base plate and the second base plate of the at least one treatment nip.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site.

The present invention relates to a blade for a disc refiner intended for refining lignocellulosic material, the blade (10) comprising a surface (1) delimited by an inner circumference (11) and an outer circumference (12), a refiner zone (2) on the surface (1) for refining lignocellulosic material, a blank zone (3) on the surface (1), wherein the refiner zone (2) is arranged closer to the inner circumference (11) than the blank zone (3), the blade (10) further comprising a separation groove (4) that is arranged between the refiner zone (2) and the blank zone (3), and at least one connecting groove (5) that connects the separation groove (4) to the outer circumference (12) of the blade (10) across the blank zone (3). The invention also relates to a blade pair and to a refiner comprising at least one blade.

The present invention relates to a blade for a disc refiner intended for refining lignocellulosic material, the blade (10) comprising a surface (1) delimited by an inner circumference (11) and an outer circumference (12), a refiner zone (2) on the surface (1) for refining lignocellulosic material, a blank zone (3) on the surface (1), wherein the refiner zone (2) is arranged closer to the inner circumference (11) than the blank zone (3), the blade (10) further comprising a separation groove (4) that is arranged between the refiner zone (2) and the blank zone (3), and at least one connecting groove (5) that connects the separation groove (4) to the outer circumference (12) of the blade (10) across the blank zone (3). The invention also relates to a blade pair and to a refiner comprising at least one blade.

In a method for producing nanofibrillar cellulose, cellulose based fibre material, in which internal bonds in cellulose fibres have been weakened by 5 preliminary modification of cellulose, is subjected to disintegration treatment in form of pulp comprising fibres and liquid. The fibre material is supplied at a consistency higher than 10 wt-%, preferably at least 15 wt-%, to a disintegration treatment where fibrils are detached from the fibre material by joint effect of repeated impacts to the fibre material by fast moving 10 successive elements and the weakened internal bonds of the cellulose fibres. The nanofibrillar cellulose is withdrawn from the disintegration treatment at dry matter which is equal or higher than the consistency of the fibre material.

In a method for producing nanofibrillar cellulose, cellulose based fibre material, in which internal bonds in cellulose fibres have been weakened by 5 preliminary modification of cellulose, is subjected to disintegration treatment in form of pulp comprising fibres and liquid. The fibre material is supplied at a consistency higher than 10 wt-%, preferably at least 15 wt-%, to a disintegration treatment where fibrils are detached from the fibre material by joint effect of repeated impacts to the fibre material by fast moving 10 successive elements and the weakened internal bonds of the cellulose fibres. The nanofibrillar cellulose is withdrawn from the disintegration treatment at dry matter which is equal or higher than the consistency of the fibre material.