The multi-stage modular horizontal digester is primarily comprised of a single auger in a horizontal orientation. The single auger includes sections of lesser and greater inner diameter, thus creating sections of that allow for mixing and time to operate on the contents, and sections where the liquids are squeezed out. As compared to the known processing methodology, the multi-stage modular horizontal digester creates numerous benefits. For example, by maintaining elevation of the pulp, it can be directly expelled into the hydrapulper without the need for an additional pump. Processes can be changed quickly by altering the rotation speed, auger sections, or chemical inputs and outputs without the need to move heavy tanks or adjust pumps. In other words, there is no need for the standard cascade-style system where the pulp descends through a step, is raised to the next step, and so forth.

A method for preparing an aqueous suspension may include providing a fibrous substrate comprising cellulose having a Canadian Standard freeness equal to or less than 450 cm.sup.3, and microfibrillating the fibrous substrate in an aqueous environment by grinding in the presence of a grinding medium consisting essentially of mullite. The grinding may be carried out in the absence of grindable inorganic particulate material. The grinding medium may be present in an amount of at least about 10% by volume of the aqueous environment. The microfibrillated cellulose may have a fibre steepness of from about 20 to about 50.

A method for preparing an aqueous suspension may include providing a fibrous substrate comprising cellulose having a Canadian Standard freeness equal to or less than 450 cm.sup.3, and microfibrillating the fibrous substrate in an aqueous environment by grinding in the presence of a grinding medium consisting essentially of mullite. The grinding may be carried out in the absence of grindable inorganic particulate material. The grinding medium may be present in an amount of at least about 10% by volume of the aqueous environment. The microfibrillated cellulose may have a fibre steepness of from about 20 to about 50.

There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

There is provided a method for separation of fibers in for instance recycled textile, starting with a mixture comprising cellulose fibers and non-cellulose fibers and then reducing the cellulose chain length of the cellulose fibers so that the limiting viscosity number determined according to ISO 5351 is in the interval 200-900 ml/g, mechanically breaking agglomerates of fibers into smaller pieces, adjusting the concentration of fibers to 0.1-4 wt %, and subjecting the mixture to flotation to remove the non-cellulose fibers. Non-cellulosic fibers such as synthetic fibers can be removed very specifically without or essentially without removing cellulose fibers in the mixture. This gives a very high degree of removal and simultaneously the yield is kept high because no or only few cellulose fibers are removed.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of naso-fibrillar cellulose gels by providing cellulose fibres and at least one filler and/or pigment; combining the cellulose fibres and the at least one filler and/or pigment; and fibrillating the cellulose fibres in the presence of the at least one filler and/or pigment until a gel is formed, as well as the nano-fibrillar cellulose gel obtained by this process and uses thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of naso-fibrillar cellulose gels by providing cellulose fibres and at least one filler and/or pigment; combining the cellulose fibres and the at least one filler and/or pigment; and fibrillating the cellulose fibres in the presence of the at least one filler and/or pigment until a gel is formed, as well as the nano-fibrillar cellulose gel obtained by this process and uses thereof.

A device and method for counter collision treatment. The device includes: first and second nozzles oppositely disposed so as to inject jets of a highly pressurized fluid into a body protective ring; the injection directions of the first and second nozzles are determined so as to intersect with an angle at one point located in front of the nozzle orifices thereof. Further, the jets from the first and second nozzles are caused to collide with each other to thereby effect homogenization of the fluid by impact-fragmentation. Yet further, one of the first and second nozzles is provided with a turning mechanism for enabling the nozzle to turn around the fixed injection direction as the axis of the turn while keeping the injection direction unchanged.

A device and method for counter collision treatment. The device includes: first and second nozzles oppositely disposed so as to inject jets of a highly pressurized fluid into a body protective ring; the injection directions of the first and second nozzles are determined so as to intersect with an angle at one point located in front of the nozzle orifices thereof. Further, the jets from the first and second nozzles are caused to collide with each other to thereby effect homogenization of the fluid by impact-fragmentation. Yet further, one of the first and second nozzles is provided with a turning mechanism for enabling the nozzle to turn around the fixed injection direction as the axis of the turn while keeping the injection direction unchanged.

The present invention relates to a method and system for manufacturing a 3-dimensional packaging material form a moulded pulp material and such packaging unit. The method of the invention comprises the steps of: —preparing a pulp material, comprising the steps of: —providing an amount of biomass with non-wood biomass fibers as a raw material; preparing the biomass fibers; fibrillation of the prepared biomass fibers with an extruder to produce the pulp material with biomass fibers; providing the pulp material to the moulding device; moulding the 3-dimensional food packaging unit; and releasing the 3-dimensional food packaging unit from the mould.