Articles and methods involving pasting papers are generally provided. In certain embodiments, a pasting paper may comprise a plurality of cellulose fibers, a plurality of multicomponent fibers, and a plurality of glass fibers. In some embodiments, the average fiber diameter of each plurality of fibers is greater than or equal to 1 micron. In some embodiments, a pasting paper may have a thickness of less than 0.2 mm, an air permeability of less than or equal to 300 CFM, a 1.28 spg sulfuric acid wicking height of greater than 3 cm, and/or may be configured to have a dry tensile strength in a machine direction of greater than or equal to 1 lb/in after storage in 1.28 spg sulfuric acid at 75 C. for 168 hours. In some embodiments, a pasting paper may be disposed on a battery paste, such as a battery paste for use in a lead-acid battery. In certain cases, forming a battery plate may comprise disposing a pasting paper on a battery paste. In certain cases, a lead-acid battery may be assembled by assembling a first battery plate comprising a pasting paper with a separator and a second battery plate.

A porous base material and a porous electrode having both gas permeability suitable for a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell vehicle and mechanical strength capable of withstanding continuous processing in a roll-to-roll manner, and a porous electrode which is suitable for an electrode for a redox flow cell and has excellent diffusibility of an electrolyte are required. Provided is a porous base material containing a carbon fiber (A) having an average fiber diameter of 10 to 20 m, an average fiber length of 2 to 30 mm, a tensile modulus of elasticity of 200 to 600 GPa, and a tensile strength of 3,000 to 7,000 MPa and a carbon binder (D), in which the carbon fiber (A) is bound with the carbon binder (D).

A porous base material and a porous electrode having both gas permeability suitable for a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell vehicle and mechanical strength capable of withstanding continuous processing in a roll-to-roll manner, and a porous electrode which is suitable for an electrode for a redox flow cell and has excellent diffusibility of an electrolyte are required. Provided is a porous base material containing a carbon fiber (A) having an average fiber diameter of 10 to 20 m, an average fiber length of 2 to 30 mm, a tensile modulus of elasticity of 200 to 600 GPa, and a tensile strength of 3,000 to 7,000 MPa and a carbon binder (D), in which the carbon fiber (A) is bound with the carbon binder (D).

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) act as a dispersing agent to directly exfoliate graphite in an aqueous solution using sonication. The resulting suspension has graphite flakes, each having 2-20 monolayers, a relatively large lateral dimension, and a plurality of CNF decorating its surfaces and edges. The dispersing effect of the CNF allows the graphite-CNF suspension to be stored without degradation until desired use. The graphite-CNF suspension can be used to form various composite structures, such as by spraying, coating, pouring, extruding, or printing the suspension, and then drying the suspension. The resulting composite structures have improved tensile strength and toughness due to hydrogen bond interactions between the CNF and graphite.

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) act as a dispersing agent to directly exfoliate graphite in an aqueous solution using sonication. The resulting suspension has graphite flakes, each having 2-20 monolayers, a relatively large lateral dimension, and a plurality of CNF decorating its surfaces and edges. The dispersing effect of the CNF allows the graphite-CNF suspension to be stored without degradation until desired use. The graphite-CNF suspension can be used to form various composite structures, such as by spraying, coating, pouring, extruding, or printing the suspension, and then drying the suspension. The resulting composite structures have improved tensile strength and toughness due to hydrogen bond interactions between the CNF and graphite.

Provided is a porous single resin fiber composite material comprising: a first fibrous particle; a second fibrous particle; and a binder for binding the first fibrous particle and the second fibrous particle, wherein the first fibrous particles and the second fibrous particles are bound by the binder so as to form a random network structure including pores, the first fibrous particle is a polyester-based fiber including a first polyester-based resin, the second fibrous particle is a polyester-based fiber including a second polyester-based resin, the binder includes a third polyester-based resin, the first fibrous particle has an elongation rate higher than that of the second fibrous particle, and the melting point of the second polyester-based resin is higher than the melting point of the third polyester-based resin.