To provide a medical sheet with which a surface (a portion) subjected to ion bombardment, and a surface (a portion) which has not been subjected to ion bombardment can be distinguished from each other; and a production method therefor. When Δb refers to the difference between value b1, which is the b value of a roughened surface portion 3, and value b2, which is the b value of a second surface 7, this medical sheet has a Δb in the range of 1.5-11 inclusive. A production method for the medical sheet includes: a surface roughening step in which a portion or the entirety of a first surface 5 of a sheet including polytetrafluoroethylene is subjected to surface roughening treatment to form a roughened surface portion 5; and a heating step in which the sheet which includes the polytetrafluoroethylene and which has undergone the surface roughening step is heated to obtain the medical sheet.

The present invention relates to a press-heating gas grafting hydrophobization apparatus, and a hot water-resistant paper and an oil-absorbing paper manufactured using the press-heating gas grafting hydrophobization apparatus. In the press-heating gas grafting hydrophobization apparatus according to the present invention, since a non-air-permeable dryer belt is provided surrounding and pressing a drying roller to prevent dissipation from a base material of a fatty acid chloride vaporized by the drying roller, the press-heating gas grafting hydrophobization apparatus has an advantage of improving efficiency of a gas grafting reaction. Therefore, by using the press-heating gas grafting hydrophobization apparatus according to the present invention, the reaction amount of fatty acid chloride per unit area can be remarkably improved.

In order to absorb a small amount of liquid, to prevent an absorbent article from being disintegrated by the absorbed liquid, and to prevent piping of a toilet from being clogged even if the absorbent article is flushed into a flush toilet, the absorbent article includes a pulp layer containing a crushed pulp or fibers mainly containing a crushed pulp, and the pulp layer has a water repellent surface layer portion formed by applying a water repellent agent to at least one surface layer portion.

In order to absorb a small amount of liquid, to prevent an absorbent article from being disintegrated by the absorbed liquid, and to prevent piping of a toilet from being clogged even if the absorbent article is flushed into a flush toilet, the absorbent article includes a pulp layer containing a crushed pulp or fibers mainly containing a crushed pulp, and the pulp layer has a water repellent surface layer portion formed by applying a water repellent agent to at least one surface layer portion.

The present disclosure describes acyl halide liquid dispersions and tunable methods of treating cellulosic materials with compositions that provide increased hydrophobicity and/or lipophobicity to such materials without sacrificing the biodegradability thereof. The methods as disclosed provide for reacting acyl halides with and binding of saccharide fatty acid esters on cellulosic materials, including that the disclosure provides products made by such methods. The materials thus treated display higher hydrophobicity, lipophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties, and may be used in any application where such features are desired.

The present disclosure describes acyl halide liquid dispersions and tunable methods of treating cellulosic materials with compositions that provide increased hydrophobicity and/or lipophobicity to such materials without sacrificing the biodegradability thereof. The methods as disclosed provide for reacting acyl halides with and binding of saccharide fatty acid esters on cellulosic materials, including that the disclosure provides products made by such methods. The materials thus treated display higher hydrophobicity, lipophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties, and may be used in any application where such features are desired.

The present invention relates to a bio-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) composition suitable as a binder for fiber based materials, textiles, woven and nonwoven materials. The PEC composition comprises cationic biopolymer, anionic biopolymer acid and a polymer, and is further characterized in that the net charge of the PEC is cationic, the charge ratio of the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer is ≤1, the cationic biopolymer is chitosan, wherein the concentration of cation is 0.005-30%, the anionic biopolymer is polyanions derived from nature, the acid is a Brønsted acid and/or a Lewis acid, wherein the Brønsted acid is selected from any organic and/or inorganic acids, wherein the Lewis acid is selected from any cationic mono- or multivalent atom, the weight ratio between cation and anion is 1:0.1 to 1:20, the weight ratio between the cation and acid is 1:0.01 to 1:30, chitosan has a degree of deacetylation being 66-100%, and the pH is less than 7. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing the PEC composition, uses of the PEC composition, as well as method of treating materials with the PEC composition.

The present invention relates to a bio-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) composition suitable as a binder for fiber based materials, textiles, woven and nonwoven materials. The PEC composition comprises cationic biopolymer, anionic biopolymer acid and a polymer, and is further characterized in that the net charge of the PEC is cationic, the charge ratio of the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer is ≤1, the cationic biopolymer is chitosan, wherein the concentration of cation is 0.005-30%, the anionic biopolymer is polyanions derived from nature, the acid is a Brønsted acid and/or a Lewis acid, wherein the Brønsted acid is selected from any organic and/or inorganic acids, wherein the Lewis acid is selected from any cationic mono- or multivalent atom, the weight ratio between cation and anion is 1:0.1 to 1:20, the weight ratio between the cation and acid is 1:0.01 to 1:30, chitosan has a degree of deacetylation being 66-100%, and the pH is less than 7. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing the PEC composition, uses of the PEC composition, as well as method of treating materials with the PEC composition.

The present invention relates to a method for hydrophobizing a cellulose substrate, which comprises a first side and a second side, which faces away from the first side, wherein the method comprising the steps of:—drying the cellulose substrate to a dry content above 80%, preferably above 85%;—providing a fatty acid halide in spray form; and—guiding said fatty acid halide in spray form to contact the first side of the cellulose substrate, and at least partially penetrate the cellulose substrate.

A smoking article includes a tobacco substrate and a filter segment comprising filtration material axially aligned in an abutting end to end relationship with the tobacco substrate. A hydrophobic plug wrap is disposed about the filtration material. The plug wrap is hydrophobic via hydrophobic groups chemically bonded to the plug wrap.