Processes for increasing the viricidal activity of a fiber substrate. The fiber substrate is provided. An antiviral treatment containing a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound is introduced to the fiber substrate to form an antiviral substrate. The treated fiber substrate is washed and dried. The antiviral treatment may occur before or after the fiber substrate is incorporated into the HEPA filter media in a papermaking process. Also a filter made from treated fiber substrates.

A use of organofunctionalized mesoporous silica for the production of recycled paper; the organofunctionalized mesoporous silica comprises a base mesoporous silica having, on its surface, groups having the following general formula (I), wherein Si.sup.1 is a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic; R.sup.2 is chosen in the group consisting of: a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic and an oxygen atom bound with a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica; and R.sup.3 is chosen in the group consisting of: a hydroxyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic and an oxygen atom bound with a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica (I). ##STR00001##

A use of organofunctionalized mesoporous silica for the production of recycled paper; the organofunctionalized mesoporous silica comprises a base mesoporous silica having, on its surface, groups having the following general formula (I), wherein Si.sup.1 is a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic; R.sup.2 is chosen in the group consisting of: a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic and an oxygen atom bound with a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica; and R.sup.3 is chosen in the group consisting of: a hydroxyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic and an oxygen atom bound with a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica (I). ##STR00001##

Provided are tissue products containing an additive adapted to reduce skin irritation, such as a lotion, and a colorant may be manufactured with relatively low total add-on amounts of the additive without reducing effectiveness, while providing the product with a distinct aesthetic appearance. In a specific embodiment, the additive composition comprises an oil, a wax, and a colorant comprising a pigment and a wetting agent. The additive and colorant, which are preferably both hydrophobic and non-aqueous, are be added simultaneously and in the same pattern so as to provide a tissue product having a distinct aesthetic appearance that also provides a cue to the user that the product comprises a soothing additive. In certain instances an aesthetic pattern, particularly a coloured pattern, provides a visual cue to the user and reinforces the benefits of the product, enabling lower additive add-on levels without degrading the user experience.

Provided are tissue products containing an additive adapted to reduce skin irritation, such as a lotion, and a colorant may be manufactured with relatively low total add-on amounts of the additive without reducing effectiveness, while providing the product with a distinct aesthetic appearance. In a specific embodiment, the additive composition comprises an oil, a wax, and a colorant comprising a pigment and a wetting agent. The additive and colorant, which are preferably both hydrophobic and non-aqueous, are be added simultaneously and in the same pattern so as to provide a tissue product having a distinct aesthetic appearance that also provides a cue to the user that the product comprises a soothing additive. In certain instances an aesthetic pattern, particularly a coloured pattern, provides a visual cue to the user and reinforces the benefits of the product, enabling lower additive add-on levels without degrading the user experience.

An object of the present invention is to provide a laminate having a fiber layer comprising ultrafine cellulose fibers and a resin layer, wherein the two layers have more excellent adhesion properties. The present invention relates to a laminate having at least one fiber layer comprising cellulose fibers with a fiber width of 1000 nm or less, and at least one resin layer that is contacted with one surface of the fiber layer, wherein the resin layer has an adhesion aid.

The present disclosure provides novel paper sheet mulch products having benefits over prior sheet mulches, which may include brown or recycled fibers, as well as additives, such as opacity, water-resistant, and strength additives, resulting in mulch products with an improved combination of basis weight, stretch, strength, opacity, and/or water-resistance characteristics.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides porous materials having extreme wettability to polar or non-polar fluids, such as water and oil. The porous material has a coated surface comprising a low surface energy fluoroalkyl silane that is treated to exhibit at least one type of extreme wettability. In certain aspects, the disclosure provides a porous material comprising a coated surface that is both superhydrophobic and oleophilic, or superhydrophobic and superoleophobic, or superhydrophilic and oleophobic, by way of example. Methods of forming a porous surface having a predetermined wettability are also provided. Other embodiments include fluidic devices that incorporate porous materials having extreme wettabilities, such as microfluidic devices and separators.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides porous materials having extreme wettability to polar or non-polar fluids, such as water and oil. The porous material has a coated surface comprising a low surface energy fluoroalkyl silane that is treated to exhibit at least one type of extreme wettability. In certain aspects, the disclosure provides a porous material comprising a coated surface that is both superhydrophobic and oleophilic, or superhydrophobic and superoleophobic, or superhydrophilic and oleophobic, by way of example. Methods of forming a porous surface having a predetermined wettability are also provided. Other embodiments include fluidic devices that incorporate porous materials having extreme wettabilities, such as microfluidic devices and separators.

A use of organofunctionalized mesoporous silica for the production of recycled paper; the organofunctionalized mesoporous silica comprises a base mesoporous silica having, on its surface, groups having the following general formula (I), wherein Si.sup.1 is a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic; R.sup.2 is chosen in the group consisting of: a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic and an oxygen atom bound with a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica; and R.sup.3 is chosen in the group consisting of: a hydroxyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic and an oxygen atom bound with a silicon atom of the base mesoporous silica (I).

##STR00001##