Our invention is a mixture of carboxylic acids: citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and malic acid, and any possible combinations thereof. This product is used orally or also intravenously, in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure, hyperammonemia or human conditions having negative nitrogen balance. This product is beneficial in decreasing the serum values of urea and serum ammonium, while promoting by transamination of the oxalacetate formed via succinate, fumarate and malate, the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids; by transamination of the alpha ketoglutarate formed via citrate, it generates glutamic acid and related amino acids such as glutamine. This treatment prevents, preserves and even improves kidney function. In other patients it delays deterioration of renal function and the urgent need for renal replacement therapy. In others, it is used as a supplemental renal replacement treatment to improve the patient's quality of life and improve laboratory parameters.

Our invention is a mixture of carboxylic acids: citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and malic acid, and any possible combinations thereof. This product is used orally or also intravenously, in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure, hyperammonemia or human conditions having negative nitrogen balance. This product is beneficial in decreasing the serum values of urea and serum ammonium, while promoting by transamination of the oxalacetate formed via succinate, fumarate and malate, the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids; by transamination of the alpha ketoglutarate formed via citrate, it generates glutamic acid and related amino acids such as glutamine. This treatment prevents, preserves and even improves kidney function. In other patients it delays deterioration of renal function and the urgent need for renal replacement therapy. In others, it is used as a supplemental renal replacement treatment to improve the patient's quality of life and improve laboratory parameters.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

##STR00001##

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for treating vitiligo. In one set of embodiments, the present invention comprises a composition comprising pyruvic acid and/or a pyruvate salt. The composition may be formulated for application to the skin of a subject, for instance, as a gel, lotion, cream, ointment, soap, or stick. In some cases, the composition may comprise a lecithin, such as phosphatidylcholine. In certain embodiments, the lecithin is present as a liquid crystal, and/or in liposomes, micelles, or other vesicles. Other aspects of the present invention are generally directed to methods of making or using such compositions, methods of promoting such compositions, kits including such compositions, or the like.

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for treating vitiligo. In one set of embodiments, the present invention comprises a composition comprising pyruvic acid and/or a pyruvate salt. The composition may be formulated for application to the skin of a subject, for instance, as a gel, lotion, cream, ointment, soap, or stick. In some cases, the composition may comprise a lecithin, such as phosphatidylcholine. In certain embodiments, the lecithin is present as a liquid crystal, and/or in liposomes, micelles, or other vesicles. Other aspects of the present invention are generally directed to methods of making or using such compositions, methods of promoting such compositions, kits including such compositions, or the like.

The present disclosure relates to treatment of chitin-containing microorganism infection or colonization on an aquatic animal. The methods, systems, and kits provided herein facilitate termination and/or inhibition of proliferation of chitin-containing microorganisms (e.g., Saprolegnia and sea lice).

The present disclosure relates to treatment of chitin-containing microorganism infection or colonization on an aquatic animal. The methods, systems, and kits provided herein facilitate termination and/or inhibition of proliferation of chitin-containing microorganisms (e.g., Saprolegnia and sea lice).

The present disclosure relates to treatment of chitin-containing microorganism infection or colonization on an aquatic animal. The methods, systems, and kits provided herein facilitate termination and/or inhibition of proliferation of chitin-containing microorganisms (e.g., Saprolegnia and sea lice).

The invention provides compositions comprising cyclodextrins encapsulating a selective ATP inhibitor, as well as uses thereof.