Methods for synthesizing amooranin (25-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (AMR) and/or amooranin analogs, including amooranin methyl ester (AMR-Me), by using oleanolic acid in an oxidation process, and therapeutic uses thereof are described.

Methods for synthesizing amooranin (25-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (AMR) and/or amooranin analogs, including amooranin methyl ester (AMR-Me), by using oleanolic acid in an oxidation process, and therapeutic uses thereof are described.

A compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein n is 0 to 4; m is 0 or 1 with the proviso that the sulphur atom and R.sub.3 are in vicinal position (if m=0 then R.sub.3 is in position 2′, and if m=1 then R.sub.3 is on position 1′); R is ethyl or vinyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl substituted by one or more of hydroxy; preferably one or two, methoxy, halogen, (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or

R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing at least 1 nitrogen atom or 1 nitrogen and 1 additional heteroatom e. g. selected from N or O, or R.sub.1 is hydroxy and R.sub.2 is formyl; R.sub.3 is OH, OR.sub.4, a halogen atom, or R.sub.3 is bound to 2′ and represents —O—(CH.sub.2).sub.p—O— with p is 2 or 3; R.sub.4 is unsubstituted (C.sub.1-6)alkyl or (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or metabolite thereof

for the specific use in the treatment or prevention of an inflammatory disease which is not mediated by bacteria.

A method of treating a coronavirus infection involves administering an inhibitor of the Neu1 sialidase-G protein-coupled receptor-Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Neu1-GPCR-MMP9) signaling platform, in particular administering intravenously or by inhalation to a patient infected with COVID-19 and its variants a therapeutically effective amount of oseltamivir phosphate, preferably in conjunction with the oral administration of aspirin, in order to reduce the symptoms of respiratory compromise and/or prevent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

A method of treating a coronavirus infection involves administering an inhibitor of the Neu1 sialidase-G protein-coupled receptor-Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Neu1-GPCR-MMP9) signaling platform, in particular administering intravenously or by inhalation to a patient infected with COVID-19 and its variants a therapeutically effective amount of oseltamivir phosphate, preferably in conjunction with the oral administration of aspirin, in order to reduce the symptoms of respiratory compromise and/or prevent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

A method of treating a coronavirus infection involves administering an inhibitor of the Neu1 sialidase-G protein-coupled receptor-Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Neu1-GPCR-MMP9) signaling platform, in particular administering intravenously or by inhalation to a patient infected with COVID-19 and its variants a therapeutically effective amount of oseltamivir phosphate, preferably in conjunction with the oral administration of aspirin, in order to reduce the symptoms of respiratory compromise and/or prevent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Lipids bearing fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms can be used as pharmaceuticals or nutritional supplements. In particular, such lipids are used in the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, optic and retinal degenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases, neuromuscular disorders and muscular dystrophy, brain or spinal cord nerve injury, amyloid related diseases, or other chronic diseases selected from kidney diseases, diabetes, or asthma. The lipids can also be used as a functional food or food supplement for anti-aging or life-span prolongation and brain function improvement for human and/or animals. The herb Ophioglossum can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of said diseases.

Lipids bearing fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms can be used as pharmaceuticals or nutritional supplements. In particular, such lipids are used in the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, optic and retinal degenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases, neuromuscular disorders and muscular dystrophy, brain or spinal cord nerve injury, amyloid related diseases, or other chronic diseases selected from kidney diseases, diabetes, or asthma. The lipids can also be used as a functional food or food supplement for anti-aging or life-span prolongation and brain function improvement for human and/or animals. The herb Ophioglossum can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of said diseases.

The invention provides for spot-on formulations comprising fipronil in a high concentration for the treatment or prophylaxis of parasites of mammals and birds, and in particular, cats, dogs, horses, chickens, sheep and cattle with the aim of ridding these animals of all the parasites commonly encountered by birds and mammals. The invention also provides for effective and lasting destruction of ectoparasites, such as fleas, ticks, itch mites and lice, and of endoparasites, nematodes, such as filariae, and roundworms of the digestive tract of animals and humans.

The invention provides for spot-on formulations comprising fipronil in a high concentration for the treatment or prophylaxis of parasites of mammals and birds, and in particular, cats, dogs, horses, chickens, sheep and cattle with the aim of ridding these animals of all the parasites commonly encountered by birds and mammals. The invention also provides for effective and lasting destruction of ectoparasites, such as fleas, ticks, itch mites and lice, and of endoparasites, nematodes, such as filariae, and roundworms of the digestive tract of animals and humans.