Provided herein are methods and compositions related to Prevotella bacteria for the reduction of IL-8, IL-6, IL-Iβ, and/C or TNFα expression and/or for the treatment of viral infections.

A compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein n is 0 to 4; m is 0 or 1 with the proviso that the sulphur atom and R.sub.3 are in vicinal position (if m=0 then R.sub.3 is in position 2′, and if m=1 then R.sub.3 is on position 1′); R is ethyl or vinyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl substituted by one or more of hydroxy; preferably one or two, methoxy, halogen, (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing at least 1 nitrogen atom or 1 nitrogen and 1 additional heteroatom e. g. selected from N or O, or R.sub.1 is hydroxy and R.sub.2 is formyl; R.sub.3 is OH, OR.sub.4, a halogen atom, or R.sub.3 is bound to 2′ and represents —O—(CH.sub.2).sub.p—O— with p is 2 or 3; R.sub.4 is unsubstituted (C.sub.1-6)alkyl or (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or metabolite thereof for the specific use in the treatment or prevention of a disease mediated by a virus.

A compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein n is 0 to 4; m is 0 or 1 with the proviso that the sulphur atom and R.sub.3 are in vicinal position (if m=0 then R.sub.3 is in position 2′, and if m=1 then R.sub.3 is on position 1′); R is ethyl or vinyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-6)alkyl, or (C.sub.1-6)alkyl substituted by one or more of hydroxy; preferably one or two, methoxy, halogen, (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing at least 1 nitrogen atom or 1 nitrogen and 1 additional heteroatom e. g. selected from N or O, or R.sub.1 is hydroxy and R.sub.2 is formyl; R.sub.3 is OH, OR.sub.4, a halogen atom, or R.sub.3 is bound to 2′ and represents —O—(CH.sub.2).sub.p—O— with p is 2 or 3; R.sub.4 is unsubstituted (C.sub.1-6)alkyl or (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or metabolite thereof for the specific use in the treatment or prevention of a disease mediated by a virus.

Method and composition for treating or preventing a respiratory illness. The method includes administering at least one dose of a pharmaceutically acceptable fluid having a pH less than 3.0 into contact with at least one region of the respiratory tract present in a patient in need thereof. Respiratory illness that can be treated include COVID-19.

A method for treating an influenza virus infection is described. The disclosed method generally involves administering an effective amount of a compound (A), for example baloxavir marboxil, and a compound (B), for example a neuraminidase inhibor, to a subject that (1) has an influenza virus infection, (2) has been symptomatic of the influenza virus infection for no more than 96 hours, and (3) further has at least one severe influenza condition selected from the following: (a) being hospitalized due to severe influenza virus infection, (b) requiring an extension of hospitalization because of the influenza virus infection during the hospitalization, (c) having a National Early Warning Score 2 of four or more, (d) being on support for respiration, and (e) having at least one complication attributable to the influenza virus infection that necessitates hospitalization.

A method for treating an influenza virus infection is described. The disclosed method generally involves administering an effective amount of a compound (A), for example baloxavir marboxil, and a compound (B), for example a neuraminidase inhibor, to a subject that (1) has an influenza virus infection, (2) has been symptomatic of the influenza virus infection for no more than 96 hours, and (3) further has at least one severe influenza condition selected from the following: (a) being hospitalized due to severe influenza virus infection, (b) requiring an extension of hospitalization because of the influenza virus infection during the hospitalization, (c) having a National Early Warning Score 2 of four or more, (d) being on support for respiration, and (e) having at least one complication attributable to the influenza virus infection that necessitates hospitalization.

A method for treating an influenza virus infection is described. The disclosed method generally involves administering an effective amount of a compound (A), for example baloxavir marboxil, and a compound (B), for example a neuraminidase inhibor, to a subject that (1) has an influenza virus infection, (2) has been symptomatic of the influenza virus infection for no more than 96 hours, and (3) further has at least one severe influenza condition selected from the following: (a) being hospitalized due to severe influenza virus infection, (b) requiring an extension of hospitalization because of the influenza virus infection during the hospitalization, (c) having a National Early Warning Score 2 of four or more, (d) being on support for respiration, and (e) having at least one complication attributable to the influenza virus infection that necessitates hospitalization.

In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises a medicant. The medicant moiety can be an illudofulvene analog. In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises an Affinity Medicant Conjugate (AMC). The affinity moiety can be an antibody, an antibody fragment, a receptor protein, a peptidic growth factor, an anti-angiogenic protein, a specific binding peptide, protease cleavable peptide, a glycopeptide, a peptide, a peptidic toxin, a protein toxin and an oligonucleotide. The affinity moiety can be covalently bound to the medicant via a linker.

In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises a medicant. The medicant moiety can be an illudofulvene analog. In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises an Affinity Medicant Conjugate (AMC). The affinity moiety can be an antibody, an antibody fragment, a receptor protein, a peptidic growth factor, an anti-angiogenic protein, a specific binding peptide, protease cleavable peptide, a glycopeptide, a peptide, a peptidic toxin, a protein toxin and an oligonucleotide. The affinity moiety can be covalently bound to the medicant via a linker.

Provided herein are methods for treating, reducing or preventing influenza A virus infection in a patient, as well as compositions and articles of manufacture for treating, reducing or preventing influenza A virus infection in a patient.