Provided is a method for preparing an electrothermal heating sheet from carbon fiber braided fabric scraps, including: cutting clumps of disordered carbon fiber braided fabric scraps into chopped carbon fibers; washing the chopped carbon fibers by separately using acetone and deionized water, and drying; preparing a corresponding dispersion; adding the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersion, and fully dispersing; performing vacuum filtration by using a double-layer metal screen, and drying to obtain a chopped carbon fiber felt; cutting the chopped carbon fiber felt, sticking electrodes to two ends of the chopped carbon fiber felt, and covering thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets on front and back surfaces of the chopped carbon fiber felt to form a heating sheet product having electrothermal performance and electromagnetic shielding performance. The direct discarding of the carbon fiber braided fabric scraps and the scraps resulting from cutting in the preparation process as wastes may result in not only great wasting of materials but also in environmental pollution. The method fully utilizes the carbon fiber braided fabric scraps and is low in cost, and the prepared product has excellent electrothermal performance and electromagnetic shielding performance.

Provided is a method for preparing an electrothermal heating sheet from carbon fiber braided fabric scraps, including: cutting clumps of disordered carbon fiber braided fabric scraps into chopped carbon fibers; washing the chopped carbon fibers by separately using acetone and deionized water, and drying; preparing a corresponding dispersion; adding the chopped carbon fibers to the dispersion, and fully dispersing; performing vacuum filtration by using a double-layer metal screen, and drying to obtain a chopped carbon fiber felt; cutting the chopped carbon fiber felt, sticking electrodes to two ends of the chopped carbon fiber felt, and covering thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets on front and back surfaces of the chopped carbon fiber felt to form a heating sheet product having electrothermal performance and electromagnetic shielding performance. The direct discarding of the carbon fiber braided fabric scraps and the scraps resulting from cutting in the preparation process as wastes may result in not only great wasting of materials but also in environmental pollution. The method fully utilizes the carbon fiber braided fabric scraps and is low in cost, and the prepared product has excellent electrothermal performance and electromagnetic shielding performance.

An example method includes combining an interlayer and a carbon fiber fabric, wherein the interlayer comprises a highly oriented milled carbon fiber ply comprising a plurality of out-of-plane carbon fibers. The method further includes winding the interlayer and the carbon fiber fabric around a core to form a composite fiber preform comprising a plurality of layers defining an annulus extending along a central axis. The method further includes densifying the composite fiber preform.

Methods of making a composite material may include the steps of depositing a plurality of fullerenes on a first graphene sheet forming a bottom plate, placing a second graphene sheet forming a top plate on a top of the plurality of fullerenes, and fusing the plurality of fullerenes to the first graphene sheet forming the bottom plate and the second graphene sheet forming the top plate, wherein the plurality of fullerenes are converted to fullerene-derived carbon columns, and wherein the composite material comprises a tensile strength in an x-axis parallel to the plane of the graphene sheets of at least 20 GPa.

Methods of making a composite material may include the steps of depositing a plurality of fullerenes on a first graphene sheet forming a bottom plate, placing a second graphene sheet forming a top plate on a top of the plurality of fullerenes, and fusing the plurality of fullerenes to the first graphene sheet forming the bottom plate and the second graphene sheet forming the top plate, wherein the plurality of fullerenes are converted to fullerene-derived carbon columns, and wherein the composite material comprises a tensile strength in an x-axis parallel to the plane of the graphene sheets of at least 20 GPa.

The present disclosure relates to composites. One composite may include a resin and oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers. The oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers may be provided as a nonwoven fabric. An additional composite may include a resin and material scraps respectively including carbon fibers. The material scraps may be positioned to at least partially overlap one another and define a substantially continuous layer. The material scraps may be provided as a fabric and/or a plurality of loose fibers.

The present disclosure provides methods for removing defects nanotube application solutions and providing low defect, highly uniform nanotube fabrics. In one aspect, a degassing process is performed on a suspension of nanotubes to remove air bubbles present in the solution. In another aspect, a continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) process is used to remove small scale defects from the solution. In another aspect, a depth filter is used to remove large scale defects from the solution. According to the present disclosure, these three methods can be used alone or combined to realize a low defect nanotube application solutions and fabrics.

The present disclosure provides methods for removing defects nanotube application solutions and providing low defect, highly uniform nanotube fabrics. In one aspect, a degassing process is performed on a suspension of nanotubes to remove air bubbles present in the solution. In another aspect, a continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) process is used to remove small scale defects from the solution. In another aspect, a depth filter is used to remove large scale defects from the solution. According to the present disclosure, these three methods can be used alone or combined to realize a low defect nanotube application solutions and fabrics.

A flexible all-solid state supercapacitor is provided that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and a flexible nanofiber web, where the flexible nanofiber web connects the first electrode to the second electrode, where the flexible nanofiber web includes a plurality of flexible nanofibers, where the flexible nanofiber includes a hierarchal structure of macropores, mesopores and micropores through a cross section of the flexible nanofiber, where the mesopores and the micropores form a graded pore structure, where the macropores are periodically distributed along the flexible nanaofiber and within the graded pore structure.

A flexible all-solid state supercapacitor is provided that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and a flexible nanofiber web, where the flexible nanofiber web connects the first electrode to the second electrode, where the flexible nanofiber web includes a plurality of flexible nanofibers, where the flexible nanofiber includes a hierarchal structure of macropores, mesopores and micropores through a cross section of the flexible nanofiber, where the mesopores and the micropores form a graded pore structure, where the macropores are periodically distributed along the flexible nanaofiber and within the graded pore structure.