A hollow cylindrical carbon fiber construction, including a carbon fiber nonwoven, which is continuous between the inner lateral surface and the outer lateral surface of the carbon fiber construction all around. The hollow cylindrical carbon fiber construction can be obtained by a method in which a hollow cylindrical starting fiber construction, which includes a nonwoven that is continuous between the inner lateral surface and the outer lateral surface of the starting fiber construction all around, is subjected to a pyrolysis process.

A hollow cylindrical carbon fiber construction, including a carbon fiber nonwoven, which is continuous between the inner lateral surface and the outer lateral surface of the carbon fiber construction all around. The hollow cylindrical carbon fiber construction can be obtained by a method in which a hollow cylindrical starting fiber construction, which includes a nonwoven that is continuous between the inner lateral surface and the outer lateral surface of the starting fiber construction all around, is subjected to a pyrolysis process.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sensor element or an active component of a sensor element. The sensor element is applied in a field device of automation technology. The method comprises the following method steps: predetermining at least two materials with different physical and chemical properties depending on a functionality of the sensor element or the active component of the sensor element; predetermining an outer shape, into which the at least two materials should be formed, the outer shape being divided into a plurality of virtual spatial regions, wherein in each virtual spatial region the material distribution of the at least two materials occurs homogeneously and periodically according to predetermined rules corresponding to a microstructure. The method also includes steps of ascertaining the predetermined rules via a computer supported method depending on the predetermined functionality of the sensor element or the active component of the sensor element.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sensor element or an active component of a sensor element. The sensor element is applied in a field device of automation technology. The method comprises the following method steps: predetermining at least two materials with different physical and chemical properties depending on a functionality of the sensor element or the active component of the sensor element; predetermining an outer shape, into which the at least two materials should be formed, the outer shape being divided into a plurality of virtual spatial regions, wherein in each virtual spatial region the material distribution of the at least two materials occurs homogeneously and periodically according to predetermined rules corresponding to a microstructure. The method also includes steps of ascertaining the predetermined rules via a computer supported method depending on the predetermined functionality of the sensor element or the active component of the sensor element.

The invention relates to a heat sink (1) having a main body (2) and a plurality of carbon-nanostructure-based fibres (CNB, 3), more particularly carbon nano tubes (CNT, 4) or graphene fibres, of which at least some are attached to the main body (2). According to the invention, the fibres (3, 4), by adhering to or supporting one another, form a volume structure (12), more particularly in the manner of cotton wool, felt or a spun yarn, or the fibres (3, 4) form loops (6) or a three-dimensional woven fabric.

A synthetic leather has high flame retardance in addition to excellent mechanical strength and durability, which may yield a covered article having an excellent texture, and a covered article which has been covered with the synthetic leather. The covered article includes a synthetic leather and a covered article covered with the synthetic leather, the synthetic leather having a fiber base material layer including a non-woven fabric containing: a non-melting fiber A having a high-temperature shrinkage rate of 3% or less, and a thermal conductivity, conforming to ISO22007-3 (2008), of 0.060 W/m.Math.K or less; and a thermoplastic fiber B having an LOI value, conforming to JIS K 7201-2 (2007), of 25 or more.

In order to provide a gas diffusion electrode medium having high thermal conductivity despite having low density and excellent both in handleability and cell performance, provided is a gas diffusion electrode medium including carbon fiber felt including carbon fibers having an average fiber diameter of 5 to 20 μm, wherein at least a part of the carbon fibers that constitute the carbon fiber felt have a flat part in which, in a plane view of a surface of the carbon fiber felt, a maximum value of a fiber diameter is observed to be 10 to 50% larger than the average fiber diameter, and a frequency of the flat parts at the surface of the carbon fiber felt is 50 to 200/mm.sup.2.

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new form of adsorbent suitable for a motor vehicle canister. An activated carbon fiber sheet satisfies one or two or more of conditions for indices, such as a specific surface area, a pore volume of pores having a given pore diameter, and a sheet density. An embodiment, for example, may have: a specific surface area ranging from 1400 to 2300 m.sup.2/g; a pore volume ranging from 0.20 to 0.70 cm.sup.3/g for pores having pore diameters of more than 0.7 nm and 2.0 nm or less; an abundance ratio R.sub.0.7/2.0, which is a ratio of a pore volume of micropores having pore diameters of 0.7 nm or less occupied in a pore volume of micropores having pore diameters of 2.0 nm or less, ranging from 5% to less than 25%, and a sheet density ranging from 0.030 to 0.200 g/cm.sup.3.

Methods for characterizing a nanotube formulation with respect to one or more particular ionic species are disclosed. Within the methods of the present disclosure, this characterization provides control over the surface roughness (or smoothness) and the degree of rafting within a nanotube fabric formed from such a nanotube formulation. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a nanotube formulation roughness curve (and methods for generating such a curve) that can be used to select a utilizable range of ionic species concentration levels that will provide a nanotube fabric with a desired surface roughness (or smoothness) and degree of rafting. In some aspects of the present disclosure, such a nanotube formulation roughness curve can be used adjust nanotube formulation prior to a nanotube formulation deposition process to provide nanotube fabrics that are relatively smooth with a low degree of rafting.

Methods for characterizing a nanotube formulation with respect to one or more particular ionic species are disclosed. Within the methods of the present disclosure, this characterization provides control over the surface roughness (or smoothness) and the degree of rafting within a nanotube fabric formed from such a nanotube formulation. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a nanotube formulation roughness curve (and methods for generating such a curve) that can be used to select a utilizable range of ionic species concentration levels that will provide a nanotube fabric with a desired surface roughness (or smoothness) and degree of rafting. In some aspects of the present disclosure, such a nanotube formulation roughness curve can be used adjust nanotube formulation prior to a nanotube formulation deposition process to provide nanotube fabrics that are relatively smooth with a low degree of rafting.