The present invention relates to wadding in which short fibers (A) having a single fiber fineness (a) of 0.001-1.0 dtex make up 5-90 mass % of the total mass of the wadding. Measured in accordance with JIS L 1096 Warmth Retention Method A (Constant-Temperature Method):2010, a 89% or higher warmth retention ratio is obtained in test items made by stuffing 100 g of the wadding substantially evenly into a pouch-shaped cover produced by layering two pieces of 45 cm-length 100% cotton fabric squares and thereafter sewing shut the opening of the pouch-shaped cover. By means of the present invention, it is possible to provide wadding which has excellent softness and bulkiness and which is ideal for use in down jackets, duvets or other bedding.

The present invention relates to wadding in which short fibers (A) having a single fiber fineness (a) of 0.001-1.0 dtex make up 5-90 mass % of the total mass of the wadding. Measured in accordance with JIS L 1096 Warmth Retention Method A (Constant-Temperature Method):2010, a 89% or higher warmth retention ratio is obtained in test items made by stuffing 100 g of the wadding substantially evenly into a pouch-shaped cover produced by layering two pieces of 45 cm-length 100% cotton fabric squares and thereafter sewing shut the opening of the pouch-shaped cover. By means of the present invention, it is possible to provide wadding which has excellent softness and bulkiness and which is ideal for use in down jackets, duvets or other bedding.

Disclosed is a non-flammable thermal insulating composite substrate for motor vehicles including: a textile component constituted by a layer of needle-sewn non-woven fabric composed of a percentage of pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber included between 40% and 70%, preferably 58% and of the remaining percentage of polyethylene glycol-terephthalate fiber, the textile component having weight preferably 400 gr/m.sup.2; and a barrier fixed to the textile component using a spreading process, constituted by a thermoplastic resin based on low density polyethylene added with non-halogen flame retardants, the barrier having weight preferably 100 gr/m.sup.2. The composite substrate has the following features: a thickness included between 2 mm and 5 mm, preferably 3.8 mm; a weight included between 300 gr/m.sup.2 and 700 gr/m.sup.2, preferably 500 gr/m.sup.2; odorless; no emission of fumes; dimensionally stable, even at heatstroke, with a maximum variation of 1%; and non-flammability.

Disclosed is a non-flammable thermal insulating composite substrate for motor vehicles including: a textile component constituted by a layer of needle-sewn non-woven fabric composed of a percentage of pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber included between 40% and 70%, preferably 58% and of the remaining percentage of polyethylene glycol-terephthalate fiber, the textile component having weight preferably 400 gr/m.sup.2; and a barrier fixed to the textile component using a spreading process, constituted by a thermoplastic resin based on low density polyethylene added with non-halogen flame retardants, the barrier having weight preferably 100 gr/m.sup.2. The composite substrate has the following features: a thickness included between 2 mm and 5 mm, preferably 3.8 mm; a weight included between 300 gr/m.sup.2 and 700 gr/m.sup.2, preferably 500 gr/m.sup.2; odorless; no emission of fumes; dimensionally stable, even at heatstroke, with a maximum variation of 1%; and non-flammability.

An enhanced flash evaporation/electrospinning composite spinning equipment includes a flash spinning equipment, an electrospinning equipment, and a grounded receiving conveyor belt; the flash spinning equipment includes a flash spinning spinneret unit, the flash spinning spinneret unit includes a first spinneret, and the first spinneret is grounded; the electrospinning equipment includes a high-voltage power supply and an electrospinning spinneret unit, the electrospinning spinneret unit includes a second spinneret, and the second spinneret is connected to the high-voltage power supply; the first spinneret and the second spinneret are both located above the receiving conveyor belt at opposite positions with a distance of D, and the value range of D is 15-40 cm. The enhanced flash evaporation/electrospinning composite spinning equipment has a simple structure, and can prepare products that are not easy to delaminate, and excellent in waterproof performance and air permeability.

An enhanced flash evaporation/electrospinning composite spinning equipment includes a flash spinning equipment, an electrospinning equipment, and a grounded receiving conveyor belt; the flash spinning equipment includes a flash spinning spinneret unit, the flash spinning spinneret unit includes a first spinneret, and the first spinneret is grounded; the electrospinning equipment includes a high-voltage power supply and an electrospinning spinneret unit, the electrospinning spinneret unit includes a second spinneret, and the second spinneret is connected to the high-voltage power supply; the first spinneret and the second spinneret are both located above the receiving conveyor belt at opposite positions with a distance of D, and the value range of D is 15-40 cm. The enhanced flash evaporation/electrospinning composite spinning equipment has a simple structure, and can prepare products that are not easy to delaminate, and excellent in waterproof performance and air permeability.

A carbon/carbon part and processes for making carbon/carbon parts are provided. The process involves forming steps, carbonization steps and densification steps. The forming steps may include needling fibrous layers to form fibers that extend in three directions. Pressure may be applied to a fibrous preform at an elevated temperature to increase the fiber volume ratio of the fibrous preform. The densification steps may include filling the voids or pores of the fibrous preform with a carbon matrix.

A method for producing superabsorbent polymers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) virgin or recycled from acrylic fibre manufacturing waste and discarded fabrics subjecting the PAN to alkaline hydrolysis with pressurized water vapour of up to 5 kgf/cm.sup.2 and a PAN:OH.sup. molar ratio of 1:0.5 to 0.95, to obtain a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) salt without using mechanical agitation, graphitizing agents with starch or cross-linking agents, and without precipitating the superabsorbent polymer obtained from the reaction medium with solvents or through pH adjustment with acids, the polymer obtained with recycled PAN leaves the autoclave already having a moisture content of 20% to 35% and a swelling capacity of >150 g H.sub.2O/g.

Disclosed is a treatment agent for flame-resistant fiber nonwoven fabric production or for carbon fiber nonwoven fabric production. The treatment agent contains a polyether compound in which ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are added to an alcohol. Also disclosed is a flame-resistant fiber nonwoven fabric or carbon fiber nonwoven fabric that includes the treatment agent adhered thereto.

Disclosed is a treatment agent for flame-resistant fiber nonwoven fabric production or for carbon fiber nonwoven fabric production. The treatment agent contains a polyether compound in which ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are added to an alcohol. Also disclosed is a flame-resistant fiber nonwoven fabric or carbon fiber nonwoven fabric that includes the treatment agent adhered thereto.