Fabrics are provided that include mono-component staple fibers, a first group of split staple fibers comprising a first polymeric material, and a second group of split staple fibers comprising a second polymeric material that is different than the first polymeric material. The mono-component staple fibers, the first group of split staple fibers, and the second group of split staple fibers are physically entangled together to define a consolidated nonwoven. The fabrics may be physically entangled by hydroentanglement.

Disclosed is an artificial leather base material including: a non-woven fabric that is an entangle body of fibers (A) and fibers (B); and an elastic polymer applied inside the non-woven fabric, wherein the fibers (A) are crimped fibers that are formed from two types of resins with intrinsic viscosities different from each other, and that are filaments of 0.6 dtex or more, and the fibers (B) are ultrafine fibers of less than 0.6 dtex.

Embodiments of the present invention include a grafted aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder comprising CMC chemically bonded with a monomer, where the CMC has a weight ratio of water to CMC of from about 99.9:0.1 to about 1,000:500, wherein the monomer is characterized by a weight ratio of monomer to CMC of from about 1:1 to about 1:1,000, and non-woven fabrics and articles including CMC binders, and methods of manufacture of the same. Aspects of the invention include a method of synthesizing a grafted aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), the method comprising: contacting CMC with water to form a CMC solution. contacting the CMC solution with an initiator; contacting the CMC solution with a monomer to start grafting polymerization reaction between the CMC and a monomer. In some embodiments, the binder and non-woven fabrics including the same are non-toxic and biodegradable.

A non-woven fabric is provided which includes a three-dimensional array of fibers. The three-dimensional array of fibers includes an array of standing fibers extending perpendicular to a plane of the non-woven fabric and attached to a base substrate, where the base substrate is one or more of an expendable film substrate, a metal base substrate, or a mandrel substrate. Further, the three-dimensional array of fibers includes multiple layers of non-woven parallel fibers running parallel to the plane of the non-woven fiber in between the array of standing fibers in a defined pattern of fiber layer orientations. In implementation, the array of standing fibers are grown to extend from the base substrate using laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD).

A thermally solidified sound-absorbing nonwoven fabric having a fluid resistance of 150 Ns/m.sup.3 to 5000 Ns/m.sup.3, measured in accordance with DIN EN 29053, May 1993, and an area density of 150 g/m.sup.2 to 600 g/m.sup.2, including structural staple fibers having a mean titer of 0.9 dtex to 8.8 dtex, in a proportion of 50 wt.-% to 90 wt.-% in relation to an overall weight of the nonwoven fabric, and core-spun binding fibers in a proportion of 10 wt.-% to 50 wt.-% in relation to the overall weight of the nonwoven fabric. The structural staple fibers include a percentage of reprocessed structural staple fibers and the core-spun binding fibers include a percentage of reprocessed core-spun binding fibers.

The invention relates to a non-woven textile fabric of one or a combination of wool, hemp, cotton, cellulose and or other natural fibres, treated with a natural water proofing and fungicide solution for planter bags and pots. The planter bag or pot fabric enables superior air pruning of the plant roots. The bag or pot can be directly planted into the ground with the plant and biodegrades.

A nonwoven fabric having fibers composed of a polymeric blend of a polymer and a high loft additive. The nonwoven fabric exhibits increases in thickness, sound absorbance, and thermal resistance in comparison to a similar nonwoven fabric not having the high loft additive.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a sound-absorbing textile composite, including: a) at least one open-pore support layer comprising coarse staple fibers having a titer of from 3 dtex to 17 dtex and fine staple fibers having a titer of from 0.3 dtex to 2.9 dtex, as scaffold fibers; and b) a microporous flow layer arranged on the support layer and including microfibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 m. A flow resistance of the sound-absorbing textile composite is from 250 Ns/m.sup.3 to 5000 Ns/m.sup.3.

Provided are a filter medium for an air filter capable of having extended life even when composed of embossable material. The filter medium (1) has a tensile elongation of 10% or greater, and includes a main collection layer (30) having a filing rate of 5% to 15%, a thickness of 0.35 mm to 0.70 mm, and a peak in a fiber diameter distribution at less than 1.0 m and a peak at 1.0 m or greater. An average fiber diameter of small fiber diameters of less than 1.0 m is from 0.1 m to less than 0.8 m, and an average fiber diameter of large fiber diameters of 1.0 m or greater is from 1.2 m to less than 3.0 m. A volume ratio of the fibers having the small fiber diameter to the fibers having the large fiber diameter is from 30:70 to 80:20.

A multi-faceted family of non-woven webs that can take the form of a filter media, an adaptable forming process and a machine capable of making the range of media are disclosed. The filter medium can have a first surface and a second surface defining a thickness. The medium can comprise a region having a gradient. Such a gradient is formed by having a medium wherein the concentration of a fiber, a property or other component varies from one surface to the next surface. The gradient region of the media can comprise the entire thickness of the medium or can comprise a region that comprises a portion of the media thickness. The media are characterized by the presence of a continuous change of the fiber concentration or property within the region.