A silt fence includes a plurality of spaced stakes; and a nonwoven needle punched geotextile including a combination of a synthetic fiber blend and natural fibers, wherein the synthetic fiber blend includes a blend of polypropylene fibers and high tenacity polyester fibers.

Long cut cellulose acetate staple fibers having cut lengths of 55 mm or greater can be used to readily form fiber blends with silk fibers. Additionally, the long cut cellulose acetate fibers may be used to form fill materials for filled articles, which can be produced from the fiber blends or formed entirely from the long cut cellulose acetate fibers. Due to their unique properties, the long cut cellulose acetate fibers may partially or entirely replace silk fibers in various applications.

Methods and apparatuses for producing a zoned and/or layered substrate are described. A method can include providing a first supply of fibers, providing a second supply of fibers, and providing a headbox. The headbox can include a machine direction, a cross-direction, and a first cross-directional divider that separates a first zone of the headbox from a second zone of the headbox in a cross-directional manner. The method can further include transferring the first supply of fibers and the second supply of fibers to the headbox. The method can also include transferring the first supply of fibers and the second supply of fibers through the headbox to provide the substrate.

Disclosed is a non-flammable thermal insulating composite substrate for motor vehicles including: a textile component constituted by a layer of needle-sewn non-woven fabric composed of a percentage of pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber included between 40% and 70%, preferably 58% and of the remaining percentage of polyethylene glycol-terephthalate fiber, the textile component having weight preferably 400 gr/m.sup.2; and a barrier fixed to the textile component using a spreading process, constituted by a thermoplastic resin based on low density polyethylene added with non-halogen flame retardants, the barrier having weight preferably 100 gr/m.sup.2. The composite substrate has the following features: a thickness included between 2 mm and 5 mm, preferably 3.8 mm; a weight included between 300 gr/m.sup.2 and 700 gr/m.sup.2, preferably 500 gr/m.sup.2; odorless; no emission of fumes; dimensionally stable, even at heatstroke, with a maximum variation of 1%; and non-flammability.

A composite nonwoven sheet material includes pulp fibers, a reinforcement material and microfibers. The sheet material has one pulp-enriched first outer layer and one microfiber-enriched second outer layer, the reinforcement material is thereby interposed between the pulp-enriched first outer layer and the microfiber-enriched second outer layer and the pulp fibers and the microfibers penetrate the reinforcement material. Also disclosed is a process of producing such composite nonwoven sheet material and the use of such composite nonwoven sheet material.

Nonwoven fabrics are provided that include a plurality of crimped bicomponent fibers having a first component comprising a first polymeric material comprising a first polymer or a first polymeric blend and a second component comprising a second polymeric material, in which the second polymeric material comprises a second polymeric blend of (i) at least one polypropylene polymer, (ii) at least one polyethylene polymer, and (iii) at least one compatibilizer comprising or consisting of at least one polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer.

Provided is a nicotine pouch including a filler, and a packaging material that wraps the filler, in which the filler includes nicotine, a release control excipient including at least one or more selected from a group consisting of cellulose and sugar alcohol, a binder, a pH adjuster, and a flavoring agent, a content of the nicotine in the filler is 2.5 to 10 wt % with respect to a weight of total solid contents of the filler, a content of the release control excipient in the filler is 5.5 to 36 times the content of nicotine, and the packaging material includes at least two or more selected from a group consisting of pulp, a cellulosic staple fiber, and a thermoplastic fiber.

An exterior trim part for a vehicle comprises a fibrous porous structural layer. The fibrous porous structural layer consists of staple fibres, only. At least 50%, preferably between 70% and 100%, of the staple fibres comprise a first polymer made of modified polyester, such as CoPET, with a melting temperature between 150 C. and 240 C., preferably between 190 C. and 240 C.

A nonwoven fabric web having an excellent sound absorption coefficient in a frequency range from 800 Hz to 1000 Hz when used as a sound absorbing member for a vehicle exterior. The nonwoven fabric web including a nonwoven fabric having meltblown fibers and binder fibers arranged so as to be confounded with the meltblown fibers and fused with the meltblown fibers at some of the confounding points at the very least, the weight per unit area of the nonwoven fabric being from 400 g/m.sup.2 to 1500 g/m.sup.2, and the flexural rigidity of the nonwoven fabric being from 2.0 N/50 mm to 20.0 N/50 mm.

The present invention relates to a multi-layered composite material manufactured by thermocompressing a multi-layered sheet, comprising: a first sheet layer formed from a solution containing nanofibrillated cellulose and a first thermoplastic matrix polymer; and a second sheet layer formed from a solution containing a second thermoplastic matrix polymer. The multi-layered composite material of the present invention has the high strength and high elastic modulus.