Described herein is a method for producing a biofabricated material from collagen or collagen-like proteins which are recombinantly produced and which contain substantially no 3-hydroxyproline. The collagen or collagen-like proteins are isolated from animal sources, or produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by chemical synthesis. The collagen or collagen-like proteins are fibrillated, crosslinked, dehydrated and lubricated thus forming the biofabricated material having a substantially uniform network of collagen fibrils.

The invention is directed to a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.

A method for producing a 3D sponge based on nanofibers includes the processing steps of producing nanofiber based material, cutting the nanofiber based material in small pieces, suspending the small pieces into a wetting non-dissolving liquid, homogenizing the suspension to obtain a slurry with separated short nanofibers, freezing the slurry at a controlled rate and generating a solid templated 3D network of short nanofibers, and thermally, physically or chemically cross-linking the short nanofibers to improve the mechanical stability of the produced sponge.

A biofabricated material containing a network of crosslinked collagen fibrils is disclosed. This material is composed of collagen which is also a major component of natural leather and is produced by a process of fibrillation of collagen molecules into fibrils, crosslinking the fibrils and lubricating the crosslinked fibrils. Unlike natural leathers, this biofabricated material exhibits non-anisotropic (not directionally dependent) physical properties, for example, a sheet of biofabricated material can have substantially the same elasticity or tensile strength when stretched or stressed in different directions. Unlike natural leather, it has a uniform texture that facilitates uniform uptake of dyes and coatings. Aesthetically, it produces a uniform and consistent grain for ease of manufacturability. It can have substantially identical grain, texture and other aesthetic properties on both sides distinct from natural leather where the grain increases from one side (e.g., distal surface) to the other (proximal inner layers).

Provided are a filter medium for an air filter capable of having extended life even when composed of embossable material. The filter medium (1) has a tensile elongation of 10% or greater, and includes a main collection layer (30) having a filing rate of 5% to 15%, a thickness of 0.35 mm to 0.70 mm, and a peak in a fiber diameter distribution at less than 1.0 m and a peak at 1.0 m or greater. An average fiber diameter of small fiber diameters of less than 1.0 m is from 0.1 m to less than 0.8 m, and an average fiber diameter of large fiber diameters of 1.0 m or greater is from 1.2 m to less than 3.0 m. A volume ratio of the fibers having the small fiber diameter to the fibers having the large fiber diameter is from 30:70 to 80:20.

A multi-faceted family of non-woven webs that can take the form of a filter media, an adaptable forming process and a machine capable of making the range of media are disclosed. The filter medium can have a first surface and a second surface defining a thickness. The medium can comprise a region having a gradient. Such a gradient is formed by having a medium wherein the concentration of a fiber, a property or other component varies from one surface to the next surface. The gradient region of the media can comprise the entire thickness of the medium or can comprise a region that comprises a portion of the media thickness. The media are characterized by the presence of a continuous change of the fiber concentration or property within the region.

An object of the invention is to provide a filter medium having high collection efficiency of dust and low pressure drop. The invention relates to a filter medium including ultrafine fibers subjected to electrospinning, in which the ultrafine fibers have a plurality of ester bonds in a molecule. A mean fiber diameter of the ultrafine fibers is preferably in the range of 10 to 5,000 nanometers, and the ultrafine fibers are preferably ultrafine fibers composed of polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate. Moreover, another object is to provide a production method for a fibrous structure for a filter medium, including a step of preparing a spinning solution in which a resin having a plurality of ester bonds in a molecule is dispersed or dissolved in a solvent, and a step of obtaining the fibrous structure including ultrafine fibers by performing electrospinning of the spinning solution.

A dry adhesive article comprising: (i) a substrate comprising a primary surface and (ii) a layer of nanofibers disposed on the primary surface of the substrate in a random orientation, the layer comprising a polyacrylate block copolymer; wherein, the layer of nanofibers exhibit pressure-sensitive adhesion.

A system that receives nanomaterials, forms nanofibrous materials therefrom, and collects these nanofibrous materials for subsequent applications. The system include a housing coupled to a synthesis chamber within which nanotubes are produced. A spindle may extend from within the housing, across the inlet, and into the chamber for collecting nanotubes and twisting them into a yarn. A body portion may be positioned at an intake end of the spindle. The body portion may include a pathway for imparting a twisting force onto the flow of nanotubes and guide them into the spindle for collection and twisting into the nanofibrous yarn. Methods and apparatuses for forming nanofibrous are also disclosed.

A breathable water resistant film provided by the present disclosure includes a base cloth and a nanofiber layer disposed on the base cloth, wherein the nanofiber layer is formed by an electrospinning solution including a first additive and a second additive. The first additive includes a nylon copolymer and an alcohol, and the second additive includes a polysilazane resin and a perfluoropolyether-modified polysilazane resin.