Shown is a hydroentangled nonwoven for manufacturing a segment for a smoking article, wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven is web-shaped and contains at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, each with respect to the mass of the hydroentangled nonwoven, wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven has a basis weight of at least 15 g/m.sup.2 and at most 60 g/m.sup.2, wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven has a machine direction and a cross direction orthogonal thereto and lying in the plane of the web of the hydroentangled nonwoven, and wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven has a characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction which is characterized in that in a tensile test in the cross direction in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008, the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled nonwoven up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled nonwoven up to half the elongation at break.

Shown is a hydroentangled nonwoven for manufacturing a segment for a smoking article, wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven is web-shaped and contains at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, each with respect to the mass of the hydroentangled nonwoven, wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven has a basis weight of at least 15 g/m.sup.2 and at most 60 g/m.sup.2, wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven has a machine direction and a cross direction orthogonal thereto and lying in the plane of the web of the hydroentangled nonwoven, and wherein the hydroentangled nonwoven has a characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction which is characterized in that in a tensile test in the cross direction in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008, the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled nonwoven up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled nonwoven up to half the elongation at break.

A composite nonwoven sheet material includes pulp fibers, a reinforcement material and microfibers. The sheet material has one pulp-enriched first outer layer and one microfiber-enriched second outer layer, the reinforcement material is thereby interposed between the pulp-enriched first outer layer and the microfiber-enriched second outer layer and the pulp fibers and the microfibers penetrate the reinforcement material. Also disclosed is a process of producing such composite nonwoven sheet material and the use of such composite nonwoven sheet material.

An antibacterial and antiviral degradable mask and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. From outside to inside, the mask sequentially comprises a surface layer (1), a core layer (2), and an inner layer (3) that contacts the face; the surface layer (1) is made of an antibacterial and antiviral cellulose spunlace non-woven fabric; the core layer (2) is made of a polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric; the inner layer (3) is made of a polypropylene spunbond non-woven fabric or a degradable natural cotton fabric. The mask can have both antibacterial and antiviral functions; moreover, the material is degradable, and thus, environmental pollution pressure caused by non-degradable petroleum-based fiber materials such as polypropylene can be effectively relieved.

An antibacterial and antiviral degradable mask and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. From outside to inside, the mask sequentially comprises a surface layer (1), a core layer (2), and an inner layer (3) that contacts the face; the surface layer (1) is made of an antibacterial and antiviral cellulose spunlace non-woven fabric; the core layer (2) is made of a polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric; the inner layer (3) is made of a polypropylene spunbond non-woven fabric or a degradable natural cotton fabric. The mask can have both antibacterial and antiviral functions; moreover, the material is degradable, and thus, environmental pollution pressure caused by non-degradable petroleum-based fiber materials such as polypropylene can be effectively relieved.

Hydroentangled composites having a wide variety of uses (e.g., personal hygiene articles, facers for fenestration absorbent patches on surgical drapes, facers on absorbent surgical drapes, etc.) are provided. The hydroentangled composite includes at least two nonwoven webs hydroentangled together. The hydroentangled composite may have a three-dimensional structure. Additionally, the at least two nonwoven webs may have different bonding levels and/or lint levels.

Hydroentangled composites having a wide variety of uses (e.g., personal hygiene articles, facers for fenestration absorbent patches on surgical drapes, facers on absorbent surgical drapes, etc.) are provided. The hydroentangled composite includes at least two nonwoven webs hydroentangled together. The hydroentangled composite may have a three-dimensional structure. Additionally, the at least two nonwoven webs may have different bonding levels and/or lint levels.

The present disclosure describes a hydroentangled composite filter media that includes a first layer having a plurality of first staple fibers that are entangled. The plurality of first staple fibers have a denier between 0.01 to 1.0. The hydroentangled composite filter media may include a second layer having a plurality of second staple fibers that are entangled. The plurality of second staple fibers have a denier between 1.0 to 50. The second layer extends along and is entangled with the first layer so as to define a gradient of fiber denier along a thickness direction that extends from the first side to the second side. The hydroentangled composite filter media may include a bonding material that at least partially bonds the first staple fibers of the first layer to the second staple fibers of the second layer to impart stiffness to the hydroentangled composite filter media.

The present disclosure describes a hydroentangled composite filter media that includes a first layer having a plurality of first staple fibers that are entangled. The plurality of first staple fibers have a denier between 0.01 to 1.0. The hydroentangled composite filter media may include a second layer having a plurality of second staple fibers that are entangled. The plurality of second staple fibers have a denier between 1.0 to 50. The second layer extends along and is entangled with the first layer so as to define a gradient of fiber denier along a thickness direction that extends from the first side to the second side. The hydroentangled composite filter media may include a bonding material that at least partially bonds the first staple fibers of the first layer to the second staple fibers of the second layer to impart stiffness to the hydroentangled composite filter media.

A viscose fiber comprises a fiber body including a regenerated cellulosic material and a plurality of microcapsules dispersed in the regenerated cellulosic material. The regenerated cellulosic material is derived from an organic plant material and the plurality of microcapsules containing a phase change material has a transition temperature in the range of 0 C. to 100 C., the phase change material providing thermal regulation based on at least one of absorption and release of latent heat at the transition temperature.