The disclosure provides methods, kits and systems for detecting a metabolite that is metabolized from a nucleotide in reverse transcriptase inhibitor in a biological sample obtained from a subject, and uses thereof in monitoring adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis and counseling subjects who are engaged in or prescribed pre-exposure prophylaxis. The present disclosure also provides methods of preventing HIV infection in patients at risk of contracting infection by monitoring adherence to a regimen and adjusting or modifying the dosing schedule of the regimen accordingly. The metabolite may be detected using proteomic methods, including but not limited to antibody based methods, such as a lateral flow immunoassay or lab based assays such as semi-quantitative LC-MS/MS.

Provided are methods of preparing compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound Formula VIII for treating Filoviridae virus infections. In one aspect, the compound of Formula VIII is formed from a reaction mixture comprising the compound of Formula IX, the compound of Formula X, a coupling agent such as magnesium chloride and a non-nucleophilic base such as diisopropylethylamine. The compound of Formula IX can be formed from a compound of Formula V and a cyanating agent. The compound of Formula V can be synthesized from a reaction mixture comprising a deprotonating agent such as phenylmagnesium chloride; a silylating agent such as chlorotrimethylsilane; a coupling agent such as isopropylmagnesium chloride, an additive such as LaCl.sub.3-2LiCl, LaCl.sub.3, CeCl.sub.3, NdCl.sub.3, or YCl.sub.3; a compound of Formula VI; and 7-iodopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Marburg virus, Ebola virus and Cueva virus infections.

Provided are methods of preparing compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound Formula VIII for treating Filoviridae virus infections. In one aspect, the compound of Formula VIII is formed from a reaction mixture comprising the compound of Formula IX, the compound of Formula X, a coupling agent such as magnesium chloride and a non-nucleophilic base such as diisopropylethylamine. The compound of Formula IX can be formed from a compound of Formula V and a cyanating agent. The compound of Formula V can be synthesized from a reaction mixture comprising a deprotonating agent such as phenylmagnesium chloride; a silylating agent such as chlorotrimethylsilane; a coupling agent such as isopropylmagnesium chloride, an additive such as LaCl.sub.3-2LiCl, LaCl.sub.3, CeCl.sub.3, NdCl.sub.3, or YCl.sub.3; a compound of Formula VI; and 7-iodopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Marburg virus, Ebola virus and Cueva virus infections.

The invention relates to oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol (oleoyl-LPI) and new synthetic derivatives thereof and uses thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The invention provides activators and/or up-regulators of glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and more specifically to agonists, partial agonists and reverse antagonists of GPR119 or activators of GLP-1 activity and/or synthesis and/or secretion, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, uses thereof in therapy of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders.

The invention relates to oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol (oleoyl-LPI) and new synthetic derivatives thereof and uses thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The invention provides activators and/or up-regulators of glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and more specifically to agonists, partial agonists and reverse antagonists of GPR119 or activators of GLP-1 activity and/or synthesis and/or secretion, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, uses thereof in therapy of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders.

The present disclosure describes simple, stable, and scalable antiviral therapeutic agent compositions that transform short-acting antiviral (e.g., anti-HIV) therapeutic agents that would otherwise require daily short-acting oral administration into long-acting injectable forms that lasts for many weeks per administration. A mixture of water-soluble and water-insoluble antiviral therapeutic agents can be present in the long-acting and drug-combination composition.

The present disclosure describes simple, stable, and scalable antiviral therapeutic agent compositions that transform short-acting antiviral (e.g., anti-HIV) therapeutic agents that would otherwise require daily short-acting oral administration into long-acting injectable forms that lasts for many weeks per administration. A mixture of water-soluble and water-insoluble antiviral therapeutic agents can be present in the long-acting and drug-combination composition.

An infant formula milk powder is rich in milk fat globule membrane protein, phospholipids, and oligosaccharides. A preparation method includes using raw cow milk as raw material, cleaning and pre-sterilizing raw cow milk, adding MFGM-rich whey protein powder, α-lactalbumin powder, galactooligosaccharides, polyfructoses and other ingredients into the pre-sterilized raw cow milk, and performing pre-sterilization, homogenization, sterilization, concentration, and spray drying. By means of formula adjustment, the contents of biologically active substances having special functional components such as MFGM-protein, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, total galactooligosaccharide, total polyfructose, sialic acid, total phospholipid, sphingomyelin, lecithin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositol, ganglioside, triglyceride and diglyceride in the infant formula milk powder are increased, thereby facilitating the colonization of probiotics in the intestinal microbiota of an infant, especially significantly enriching lactic acid bacteria in an intestinal tract, while reducing unclassified bacterial family and other miscellaneous bacteria.

An infant formula milk powder is rich in milk fat globule membrane protein, phospholipids, and oligosaccharides. A preparation method includes using raw cow milk as raw material, cleaning and pre-sterilizing raw cow milk, adding MFGM-rich whey protein powder, α-lactalbumin powder, galactooligosaccharides, polyfructoses and other ingredients into the pre-sterilized raw cow milk, and performing pre-sterilization, homogenization, sterilization, concentration, and spray drying. By means of formula adjustment, the contents of biologically active substances having special functional components such as MFGM-protein, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, total galactooligosaccharide, total polyfructose, sialic acid, total phospholipid, sphingomyelin, lecithin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositol, ganglioside, triglyceride and diglyceride in the infant formula milk powder are increased, thereby facilitating the colonization of probiotics in the intestinal microbiota of an infant, especially significantly enriching lactic acid bacteria in an intestinal tract, while reducing unclassified bacterial family and other miscellaneous bacteria.

The disclosure relates to a method for treating a viral pulmonary infection (e.g., COVID-19 infection), the method comprising the step of delivering a composition comprising various combinations of (i) at least one of an interferon or an interferon inducer; (ii) at least one bronchodilator or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; (iii) at least one pulmonary surfactant or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (iv) at least one of particles comprising at least one of metal having antiviral properties and particles comprising metal compounds having antiviral properties; to the airway of a subject in need of treatment for the pulmonary viral infection.