Disclosed herein are fully synthetic polymer-based lung surfactant materials, for the first time, as next generation SRT. In vitro studies on these polymer lung surfactants show that the candidate materials effectively mimic the surface tension controlling properties of currently marketed natural lung surfactants. Further, the polymer lung surfactants have strong protein resistance, which makes this class of materials promising also for potential use in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) treatment.

Disclosed herein are fully synthetic polymer-based lung surfactant materials, for the first time, as next generation SRT. In vitro studies on these polymer lung surfactants show that the candidate materials effectively mimic the surface tension controlling properties of currently marketed natural lung surfactants. Further, the polymer lung surfactants have strong protein resistance, which makes this class of materials promising also for potential use in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) treatment.

Disclosed herein are fully synthetic polymer-based lung surfactant materials, for the first time, as next generation SRT. In vitro studies on these polymer lung surfactants show that the candidate materials effectively mimic the surface tension controlling properties of currently marketed natural lung surfactants. Further, the polymer lung surfactants have strong protein resistance, which makes this class of materials promising also for potential use in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) treatment.

Nanoparticle mediated microvascular embolization (NME) of tumor tissue may occur after systemic administration of PEM as a result of the nitric oxide sequestration by PEM. Nitric oxide sequestration may cause a reduction in available extracellular nitric oxide in the tumor endothelium, which may prompt a widespread shutdown of vascular flow, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In particular, shutdown of vascular flow may trigger changes in nitric oxide production as well as trigger an acute inflammatory response, which may create reactive nitrogen species that are particularly destructive to the microvasculature. PEM constructs are developed that incorporate large amounts of iron-containing protein, possess high oxygen affinities, and demonstrate delayed nitric oxide binding. Such properties induce selective NME of tumors after extravasation, and will likely enhance the effect of VEGFR TKIs and/or mTOR inhibitors.

Nanoparticle mediated microvascular embolization (NME) of tumor tissue may occur after systemic administration of PEM as a result of the nitric oxide sequestration by PEM. Nitric oxide sequestration may cause a reduction in available extracellular nitric oxide in the tumor endothelium, which may prompt a widespread shutdown of vascular flow, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In particular, shutdown of vascular flow may trigger changes in nitric oxide production as well as trigger an acute inflammatory response, which may create reactive nitrogen species that are particularly destructive to the microvasculature. PEM constructs are developed that incorporate large amounts of iron-containing protein, possess high oxygen affinities, and demonstrate delayed nitric oxide binding. Such properties induce selective NME of tumors after extravasation, and will likely enhance the effect of VEGFR TKIs and/or mTOR inhibitors.

The present invention includes a vanillyl alcohol-containing copolyoxalate copolymer (PVAX). The present invention also includes a PVAX microparticle comprising PVAX. In one aspect, the compositions of the invention can be used as a drug delivery system, an antioxidant or anti-inflammatory composition, a composition for preventing or treating ischemic disease, a composition for inhibiting the side effects of anticancer drugs, a contrast agent, and/or a composition for diagnosing ischemic disease.

The present invention includes a vanillyl alcohol-containing copolyoxalate copolymer (PVAX). The present invention also includes a PVAX microparticle comprising PVAX. In one aspect, the compositions of the invention can be used as a drug delivery system, an antioxidant or anti-inflammatory composition, a composition for preventing or treating ischemic disease, a composition for inhibiting the side effects of anticancer drugs, a contrast agent, and/or a composition for diagnosing ischemic disease.

Provided herein are compositions that comprise negatively charged particles and methods of making and using the same. Also provided are methods of reducing or treating Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) or Acute Rcspiratoiy Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using said pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein. A method of preventing preterm birth in a pregnant individual is also provided, said method comprising administering to said individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula XX or a lactone thereof of formula XIX or XXI and preventing said preterm birth by said administration.

Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using said pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein. A method of preventing preterm birth in a pregnant individual is also provided, said method comprising administering to said individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula XX or a lactone thereof of formula XIX or XXI and preventing said preterm birth by said administration.