Described herein is a method of inducing vascular inflammation using modified paramagnetic nanoparticles with improved therapeutic loading efficiency and enhanced circulation properties. The method comprises loading lipophilic agent into the fatty acid coatings of a paramagnetic nanoparticle (PMNP). In certain embodiment, the lipophilic agent is lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Described herein is a method of inducing vascular leakiness. In certain embodiment, the method induces a significant enhancement of vascular leakiness in a human body. In certain embodiments, the vascular leakiness allows for enhanced local delivery of nanoparticle and non-nanoparticle based therapeutics, imaging agents and theranostics. Also described herein is a method of using the PMNP for the treatment of diseases. In certain embodiments, the method of treatment is a combination therapy. Described herein are imaging of therapeutic delivery of PMNP and diagnostic methods using the PMNP. Also described herein is a diagnostic kit that comprises the PMNP.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have been proven to exhibit antioxidant properties attributed to its surface oxidation states (Ce4+ to Ce3+ and vice versa) mediated at the oxygen vacancies on the surface of CNPs. Different anions in precursor cerium salts were used to prepare CNPs resulting in disclosed CNPs with varying physicochemical properties such as dispersion stability, hydrodynamic size, and the signature surface chemistry. The antioxidant catalytic activity and oxidation potentials of different CNPs have been significantly altered with the change of anions in the precursor salts. For one, CNPs prepared using precursor salts containing NO.sub.3.sup.− and Cl.sup.− ions exhibited increased antioxidant activity than previously thought possible. The change in oxidation potentials of CNPs with the change in concentration of the nitrate and chloride ions indicates the disclosed CNP's have different surface chemistry and antioxidant properties. These compositions and methods of their synthesis are disclosed.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have been proven to exhibit antioxidant properties attributed to its surface oxidation states (Ce4+ to Ce3+ and vice versa) mediated at the oxygen vacancies on the surface of CNPs. Different anions in precursor cerium salts were used to prepare CNPs resulting in disclosed CNPs with varying physicochemical properties such as dispersion stability, hydrodynamic size, and the signature surface chemistry. The antioxidant catalytic activity and oxidation potentials of different CNPs have been significantly altered with the change of anions in the precursor salts. For one, CNPs prepared using precursor salts containing NO.sub.3.sup.− and Cl.sup.− ions exhibited increased antioxidant activity than previously thought possible. The change in oxidation potentials of CNPs with the change in concentration of the nitrate and chloride ions indicates the disclosed CNP's have different surface chemistry and antioxidant properties. These compositions and methods of their synthesis are disclosed.

The present invention is a method of producing a lanthanum carbonate hydroxide or lanthanum oxycarbonate which has improved properties. The method involves the use of a water soluble lanthanum and a water soluble non-alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate. The resulting material can be used as a phosphate binder individually or for treating patients with hyperphosphatemia.

The present invention is a method of producing a lanthanum carbonate hydroxide or lanthanum oxycarbonate which has improved properties. The method involves the use of a water soluble lanthanum and a water soluble non-alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate. The resulting material can be used as a phosphate binder individually or for treating patients with hyperphosphatemia.

Disclosed is a ceria-zirconia nanoparticles comprising a core layer consisting of particles made of ceria-zirconia; and a surfactant layer formed by binding a surfactant on the surface of the core layer so as to easily react in vivo, and more particularly, to applying a ceria-zirconia nano complex to an application field as an activator and a sepsis treating agent.

Accordingly, certain embodiments of the invention provide a conjugate of formula (I): P-(X-D)n, wherein P is a peptide that binds to a glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78); X is a direct bond or a linking group; D is a detectable agent; and n is 1 to 4. Certain embodiments of the invention provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a conjugate of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Certain embodiments of the invention provide a method for treating or preventing cancer in an animal (e.g., a human) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugate of formula (I) (e.g., a conjugate comprising a therapeutic radionuclide) to the animal.

A method for forming an embolism within a blood vessel is disclosed. The method includes including: implanting an oxidized cellulose embolization solution into a lumen of a blood vessel to form an embolism within the lumen. The oxidized cellulose is present in an amount from about 10 % by weight to 20 % by weight of the oxidized cellulose embolization solution. The method also includes adjusting recanalization time of the embolism, which may be adjusted by tailoring a degradation rate of the oxidized cellulose.

Described herein are irreversible Btk inhibitor compounds, and methods for using such irreversible inhibitors in the treatment of diseases and disorders characterized by the presence or development of solid tumors.

Proposed is a laser enhancer composition for improving melasma, wrinkles, skin tightening, pores, and acne by removing dead skin cells on an epidermal layer of the skin. The laser enhancer composition is used in a form applied to the epidermal layer during the treatment. The laser enhancer composition includes: either one or both of a peeling material and a heat conducting material that are configured not to be vaporized by a laser so that fumes are not generated; a viscous material configured to mix the peeling material 11a and the heat conducting material due to viscosity thereof; a volatile alcohol; and purified distilled water.