A method, apparatus, system, and computer program product provide the ability to design a road intersection in a three-dimensional (3D) modeling and visualization system. Two roads are defined in the system with the second road intersecting the first road. A set of design rules (that define characteristics of use that contribute to a shape of the road intersection) is acquired. Based on the set of rules, a 3D model of the road intersection is directly created. A property of one of the roads is modified. Without additional user input, the 3D model of the road intersection is automatically and dynamically updated based on the modified property and while maintaining conformance with the set of design rules.

A roundabout for vehicular traffic is provided from a plurality of modular blocks arranged in a generally circular roundabout pattern and affixed to a roadway or ground surface at an intersection of vehicle roadways. Roundabouts can be formed in any desired diameter. In some embodiments, the modular blocks can have a trapezoidal plan shape laid out in concentric rings. The trapezoidal shaped blocks can be cut from a length of board having a constant width and thickness. The modular blocks can be provided as a kit of parts delivered to worksite at an intersection of vehicle road-ways where a roundabout is desired. Splitter islands, sidewalks, and curbing of blocks having appropriate shapes can also be provided.

A roundabout for vehicular traffic is provided from a plurality of modular blocks arranged in a generally circular roundabout pattern and affixed to a roadway or ground surface at an intersection of vehicle roadways. Roundabouts can be formed in any desired diameter. In some embodiments, the modular blocks can have a trapezoidal plan shape laid out in concentric rings. The trapezoidal shaped blocks can be cut from a length of board having a constant width and thickness. The modular blocks can be provided as a kit of parts delivered to worksite at an intersection of vehicle road-ways where a roundabout is desired. Splitter islands, sidewalks, and curbing of blocks having appropriate shapes can also be provided.

A method of modeling an intersection structure of a roadway. The method includes receiving a first data set including road lane information, and receiving a second data set including vehicle trajectory information for an intersection structure of a roadway. The method includes determining lane node locations from at least one of the first and second data sets. A set of potential links between the lane node locations may be compiled. The method may further include assessing, for each link, a probability that the link is a valid link, and assigning each link with a probability value. The links may be filtered based on a predetermined threshold probability value and a set of valid links is generated. A model of the intersection structure is created based on the set of valid links.

An intersection communications system includes a vehicle intersection traffic movement indicator; a traffic movement surface indicator positioned behind an edge of the vehicle traffic intersection; a pedestrian lane surface indicator; one or more traffic direction surface indicators positioned within the vehicle traffic intersection; and a communications server configured to transmit a first signal to a first traffic movement surface indicator when a first monitored event occurs, transmit a second signal to a first right-turn traffic direction surface indicator directing the first vehicle to turn right from a first street to a second street when a second monitored event occurs, transmit a third signal to a second left-turn traffic direction surface indicator directing the first vehicle to turn left from the first street to the second street when a third monitored event occurs, and transmit a fourth signal to the pedestrian lane surface indicator when a fourth monitored event occurs.

A method of forming tunnels(6), and tunnels formed thereby, said tunnels in one embodiment being of a form to carry transport routes (1) such as rail and road transport therealong. The method allows the tunnel to be formed from one or more access points (2) by allowing the tunnel structure (6) to be progressively extended out from the tunnel by advancing deck structures (24) along guide means (20) which are formed as part of a base structure (18). The deck structures (24) can also be used to support excavation equipment (28) and/or act as transport routes for access to the leading edge of the tunnel as it is formed. This greatly reduces the need for separate access and works to be provided adjacent to the tunnel as it is formed and therefore reduces the level of reinstatement works required after the tunnel has been formed.

A method of forming tunnels(6), and tunnels formed thereby, said tunnels in one embodiment being of a form to carry transport routes (1) such as rail and road transport therealong. The method allows the tunnel to be formed from one or more access points (2) by allowing the tunnel structure (6) to be progressively extended out from the tunnel by advancing deck structures (24) along guide means (20) which are formed as part of a base structure (18). The deck structures (24) can also be used to support excavation equipment (28) and/or act as transport routes for access to the leading edge of the tunnel as it is formed. This greatly reduces the need for separate access and works to be provided adjacent to the tunnel as it is formed and therefore reduces the level of reinstatement works required after the tunnel has been formed.

Apparatus for forming a liquid-tight seal across gaps formed between at least first and second adjacent mats in a load-supporting surface includes at least one seal member configured to be coupled to each among first and second outer edges of at least a first side of each among at least first and second adjacent mats and extend laterally outwardly therefrom into one among at least two gaps formed between the adjacent mats and abut at least one other such seal member extending into the same gap from the other adjacent mat that forms the gap.

A road network balanced drainage method aimed at reducing urban waterlogging is disclosed. According to the drainage demand, the existing intersection elevation is changed or the intersection elevation that meets the drainage requirement is designed and implemented in new construction so that the intersection drainage is distributed according to the desired proportion; the water flowing to the water accumulation position is transferred to reduce the waterlogging degree. Through the analysis of the depth of water accumulation in the whole road network, the method of water flow distribution at the intersection is used to make the precipitation flow evenly distributed in the whole road network. The method can be used for solving serious water accumulation of a certain road section, the balanced drainage of the whole road network, the technical transformation of existing intersections, and for the planned and designed roads. The method can effectively eliminate and prevent urban waterlogging.

A valve assembly is provided, wherein the valve assembly includes: a valve member; a base including a base portion, at least two columns and at least two through holes, the base portion including a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side being configured to be abutted on a mounting surface, the at least two columns being protrusive from the second side and configured to support the valve member, the at least two through holes being disposed through the first side and the second side respectively and configured for installation of at least two positioning members which are configured to be disposed through the at least two through holes and secured to the mounting surface; and at least two fasteners being disposed through the valve member and connected to the at least two columns respectively.