An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A cementitious composite for in-situ hydration includes a first layer, a second layer, a cementitious mixture, and an adhesive layer. The cementitious mixture is disposed along the first layer. The cementitious mixture includes a plurality of cementitious particles. The second layer is disposed along the cementitious mixture, opposite the first layer. The adhesive layer is positioned to secure at least one of (i) the first layer to the cementitious mixture, (ii) the second layer to the cementitious mixture, and (iii) the first layer and the second layer together. The first layer and the second layer are configured to at least partially prevent the plurality of cementitious particles from migrating out of the cementitious composite.

Structural cells and matrices using the structural cells for positioning below a hardscape that define a void space therein, the structural cells, matrices using the cells and methods of assembly allowing in one embodiment the introduction of a structural fluid such as concrete to provide an alternative structural cell and matrix product. In one embodiment a structural cell assembly is described comprising a structural cell with a plurality of legs integrally linked to a frame at a first frame end, the frame linking the legs together and the frame defining a generally flat plane with the legs extending substantially orthogonally away from the first frame end about the frame flat plane to a leg terminal end; and a separate plate engaging the legs, the separate plate comprising linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg terminal end; and/or linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg frame ends or a part thereof.

Structural cells and matrices using the structural cells for positioning below a hardscape that define a void space therein, the structural cells, matrices using the cells and methods of assembly allowing in one embodiment the introduction of a structural fluid such as concrete to provide an alternative structural cell and matrix product. In one embodiment a structural cell assembly is described comprising a structural cell with a plurality of legs integrally linked to a frame at a first frame end, the frame linking the legs together and the frame defining a generally flat plane with the legs extending substantially orthogonally away from the first frame end about the frame flat plane to a leg terminal end; and a separate plate engaging the legs, the separate plate comprising linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg terminal end; and/or linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg frame ends or a part thereof.

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.