A modular pavement slab comprises a body, a strain sensor array, and a sensor processor. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and four side surfaces. The modular pavement slab is configured to be coupled to at least one other modular pavement slab via connectors along at least one of the side surfaces. The strain sensor array is retained within the body and is configured to detect a plurality of strains on the body resulting from vehicular traffic across the top surface of the body. The sensor processor is in communication with the strain sensor array. The sensor processor is configured to communicate input signals to the strain sensor array, receive output signals from the strain sensor array, and determine a plurality of time-varying strain values, each strain value indicating a strain experienced over time by a successive one of a plurality of regions of the body.

An access mat comprises a single unitary body having a generally planar upper wall, a bottom wall and side walls joining side edges of the upper wall and the bottom wall, formed by pultrusion from composite material comprising longitudinally continuous fibers and a set resin so as to define an elongated tubular body enclosing a hollow interior. The unitary body includes integrally formed parallel reinforcing ribs bridging the hollow interior in a thickness direction. The bottom wall has recessed channels therein receiving pultruded elongate connector members each shaped to fit into a respective one of the recessed channels with a bottom surface of the connector member coplanar with the bottom surface and a top surface of the connector member in engagement with a raised surface of the respective recessed channel for connecting of an end of the body to an adjacent end of another body by bridging between the bodies.

A ground covering comprising: a base panel including a sheet with an array of protrusions extending therefrom; a top panel including an array of receptacles for mating with at least a number of said protrusions; one or more drainage conduits formed through each of the protrusions, each drainage conduit being at least partially occluded by a baffle; and complementary engagement formations on peripheries of the protrusions and of the receptacles for fastening the top panel to the base panel.

A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat surface and provides a frame for receiving a plurality of removable panels that form a working surface within the panel mat. The panel mat includes a second section having geometry that supports the first section. The mats also include first, second, third and fourth sides forming a perimeter of the mat, wherein the first and second sides include upper structures having a sloped lower surface and the third and fourth sides include lower structures having sloped upper surfaces. The sloped surfaces are configured to allow for overlapping with sloped surfaces other like mats for interlocking therewith while forming a generally flat continuous top and bottom surface of the overlapped mats. The mats may be interlocked by a fastening member which fits in aligned openings of the adjacent mats for connection therewith.

A planting system having a plurality of potting trays that can be interconnected in a modular fashion to create a multitude of different configurations. Each potting tray has a plurality of holes operatively connected with a conduit through which plumbing can be incorporated into the planting system to water plants in the potting trays via the plurality of holes. A plurality of pedestals may be used to elevate the planting system. Lateral braces may be used to interconnect the plurality of pedestals.

A modular pavement slab comprises a body, a strain sensor array, and a sensor processor. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and four side surfaces. The modular pavement slab is configured to be coupled to at least one other modular pavement slab via connectors along at least one of the side surfaces. The strain sensor array is retained within the body and is configured to detect a plurality of strains on the body resulting from vehicular traffic across the top surface of the body. The sensor processor is in communication with the strain sensor array. The sensor processor is configured to communicate input signals to the strain sensor array, receive output signals from the strain sensor array, and determine a plurality of time-varying strain values, each strain value indicating a strain experienced over time by a successive one of a plurality of regions of the body.

A square edge recessed lug paver having recessed lugs that produce consistent joint size during installation without the use of additional pieces of equipment, while maintaining a square edge is described. The equipment and method to produce the square edge recessed lug paver is also described, where the recessed lug roller forms the recessed lugs of the square edge recessed lug pavers. The recessed lug roller includes at least one recessed portion and at least two compressing portions. The recessed lugs are formed on an uncut slug after extrusion of the slug.

A module for use in constructing a pathway for traffic comprises a base member that defines a lateral groove disposed at its perimeter edge and extending along a first end, and a tongue structure disposed at its perimeter edge and extending along a second end. The tongue structure is received in the lateral groove and comprises a plurality of tongue portions that includes a first type of tongue portion and a second type of tongue portion disposed in alternating relation along the length of the tongue structure, to thereby define a throughpassage for receiving a securing rod. The first and second tongue portions have no vertical overlap one with the other. To form a pathway for traffic, the modules are placed in perimeter-edge to perimeter-edge relation, with the tongue structure of the modules inserted into the lateral groove of an adjacent module, and are secured together by the securing rod.

A grass protection mat that includes a plurality of bodies formed with grass passing spaces and one or more contraction-expansion compensatory connectors connecting a plurality of bodies. The grass protection mat and compensating compensates for contraction or expansion of the mat units.

A telescopic bar for load transmission which, if anchored in concrete slabs, creates a support between them, forming semi-rigid joints, and prevents differential settlement of the slabs, by enabling rotation in the vertical direction about a joint axis. The telescopic bar transmits a load from one slab to an adjacent slab, ensures perfect leveling of the slab surfaces, and enables removal and reuse of the slab at a later time. The telescopic bar may be used for constructing floors of easily manufactured prefabricated materials, and creates a new paradigm for the construction of roads, seaports, airports, railways, industrial areas, etc.